How important are transposons for plant evolution

TLDR: The kinds of changes that transposable elements can cause are described, evidence that those changes have contributed to plant evolution is discussed and future strategies for determining the extent to which these changes have in fact contribute to plant adaptation and evolution are suggested.

Abstract: For decades, transposable elements have been known to produce a wide variety of changes in plant gene expression and function. This has led to the idea that transposable element activity has played a key part in adaptive plant evolution. This Review describes the kinds of changes that transposable elements can cause, discusses evidence that those changes have contributed to plant evolution and suggests future strategies for determining the extent to which these changes have in fact contributed to plant adaptation and evolution. Recent advances in genomics and phenomics for a range of plant species, particularly crops, have begun to allow the systematic assessment of these questions.

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Viinamarja värvi määravad
Viinamarja

värvi

määravad

g
eenid
g
Tarmo Puurand
Tarmo

Puurand
Jclubinbioinformatics
01 04 2013
01
.
04
.
2013

Howim
p
ortantaretrans
p
osons for
p
lantevolution?
p
p
p
Lisch D.
NatRevGenet.2013Jan;14(1):49‐61.

Pathway leading to the synthesis of
anthocyanins
Pathway

leading

to

the

synthesis

of

anthocyanins
MybA1
is a transcription factor that
regulates
the
transcription of the
UFGT gene PAL phenylalanine ammonia lyase C4H cinnamate
MybA1

is

a

transcription

factor

that

regulates
the

transcription

of

the

UFGT

gene
.
PAL
,
phenylalanine

ammonia

lyase
.
C4H
,
cinnamate

4‐hydroxylase.4CL,4‐coumarateligase.C3H,coumarate‐3‐hydroxylase.STS,stilbenesynthase.CHS,chalconesynthase.CHI,chalcone
isomerase.F3’H,flavonoid3’‐hydroxylase.F3’,5’H,flavonoid3’,5’‐hydroxylase.F3H,flavonone‐3‐hydroxylase.DFR,dihydroflavonol4‐
reducta se.LDOX,leucoanthocyanidindioxygenase.UFGT,UDP‐glucose:flavonoid3‐o‐glucosyltransferase.

Total amounts of
anthocyanins
Total

amounts

of

anthocyanins
Anthocyanin (cyanidin,peonidin,delphinidin,petunidin,and malvidin)compositioninberryskinswasmeasured
usingreversedphase highperformanceliquidchromatography.Berrieswerecollectedat19weekspostflowering.
Bars indicate means 6 standard deviations of duplicate experiments
Bars

indicate

means

6

standard

deviations

of

duplicate

experiments
.
CS: C abernetSauvignon,Me:Merlot,KS:Koshu,Rie:Riesling,Cha:Chardonnay.

Diagramof theberrycolour locusfromCabernet
Sauvignon
VvMYBA sequencesareindicat edbytheheavilyoutlinedboxesinorderalongthechromosome. Thesmaller
coloured boxesindicatethemarkers20D18CB9and103K2CB10.Greenandyellowboxesindicatethewhite
alleleversionof polymorphicsequences;redandpurpleboxesindicatetheredalleleversions;blueboxes
indicateseque ncesthatarethesameinbothalleles.Nottoscale.