Journal ArticleDOI
How much energy is needed to run a wireless network
Gunther Auer,Vito Giannini,Claude Desset,István Gódor,Per Skillermark,Magnus Olsson,Muhammad Imran,Dario Sabella,Manuel J. Gonzalez,Oliver Blume,Albrecht Fehske +10 more
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The most important addenda of the proposed E3F are a sophisticated power model for various base station types, as well as large-scale long-term traffic models, which are applied to quantify the energy efficiency of the downlink of a 3GPP LTE radio access network.Abstract:
In order to quantify the energy efficiency of a wireless network, the power consumption of the entire system needs to be captured. In this article, the necessary extensions with respect to existing performance evaluation frameworks are discussed. The most important addenda of the proposed energy efficiency evaluation framework (E3F) are a sophisticated power model for various base station types, as well as large-scale long-term traffic models. The BS power model maps the RF output power radiated at the antenna elements to the total supply power of a BS site. The proposed traffic model emulates the spatial distribution of the traffic demands over large geographical regions, including urban and rural areas, as well as temporal variations between peak and off-peak hours. Finally, the E3F is applied to quantify the energy efficiency of the downlink of a 3GPP LTE radio access network.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
What Will 5G Be
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A Survey of Energy-Efficient Techniques for 5G Networks and Challenges Ahead
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References
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Book
RF Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a power amplifier design for GHz frequency bands at GHz GHz frequency band with overdrive and overdrive-only overdrive modes, as well as a switch-mode Amplifier for RF applications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Design challenges of technology scaling
TL;DR: In this article, the authors look closely at past trends in technology scaling and how well microprocessor technology and products have met these goals and project the challenges that lie ahead if these trends continue.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
RF power amplifiers for wireless communications
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance and other attributes of cellphone RF power amplifiers using Si and GaAs based technologies are reviewed and compared, and a wide variety of semiconductor devices are used in wireless power amplifier.
Journal ArticleDOI
The global footprint of mobile communications: The ecological and economic perspective
TL;DR: The global carbon footprint of mobile communication systems is quantified, which reveals that production of mobile devices and global radio access network operation will remain the major contributors, accompanied by an increasing share of emissions due to data transfer in the backbone resulting from rising mobile traffic volumes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Challenges and enabling technologies for energy aware mobile radio networks
Luis M. Correia,Dietrich Zeller,Oliver Blume,Dieter Ferling,Ylva Jading,Gunther Auer,Liesbet Van der Perre +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, a holistic approach for energy efficient mobile radio networks is presented and the matter of having appropriate metrics and evaluation methods that allow assessing the energy efficiency of the entire system is discussed.