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Journal ArticleDOI

How Participation in Vegetables Market Affects Livelihoods: Empirical Evidence from Northern Ethiopia

TL;DR: In this article, a study was conducted to characterize vegetable markets in Northern Ethiopia, where data were collected from 283 farm households who were selected using stratified random sampling, and the data were triangulated through focus group discussion and key informant interviews.
Abstract: Vegetable farmers face a number of challenges in marketing. Having first-hand information about vegetable marketing is essential to devise appropriate strategies aimed at enhancing the value of the vegetable chain. It was in line with this view that the study was conducted to characterize vegetable markets in Northern Ethiopia. In an effort to identify the factors influencing vegetable marketing among farmers, data were collected from 283 farm households who were selected using stratified random sampling. Furthermore, the data were triangulated through focus group discussion (FGD) and key informant interviews. Descriptive statistics and the binary logistic regression model were used to identify the variables and test the probability of their influence in regard to farmers’ decisions in vegetable marketing. From the 13 explanatory variables included in the binary logistic regression model, six predictors were found to be statistically significant in determining the effects of participation decision on vegetable market. These variables are as follows: household family size, total land holding of the household, amount of vegetable produced and marketed, use of irrigation technologies, contact with extension agents, and access to market information. Relying on a survey result and observations, the findings of the study indicated that vegetable marketing is significantly improving the livelihood of smallholder producers.
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Journal Article
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Abstract: MKT 6009 Marketing Internship (0 semester credit hours) Student gains experience and improves skills through appropriate developmental work assignments in a real business environment. Student must identify and submit specific business learning objectives at the beginning of the semester. The student must demonstrate exposure to the managerial perspective via involvement or observation. At semester end, student prepares an oral or poster presentation, or a written paper reflecting on the work experience. Student performance is evaluated by the work supervisor. Pass/Fail only. Prerequisites: (MAS 6102 or MBA major) and department consent required. (0-0) S MKT 6244 Digital Marketing Strategy (2 semester credit hours) Executive Education Course. The course explores three distinct areas within marketing and sales namely, digital marketing, traditional sales prospecting, and executive sales organization and strategy. The continuing convergence of the digital marketing and sales funnels has created a strategic continuum from digital lead generation to digital sales. The course identifies the current composition of this digital continuum while providing opportunities to evaluate sales and marketing digital strategies. Prerequisites: MKT 6301 and instructor consent required. (2-0) Y MKT 6301 (SYSM 6318) Marketing Management (3 semester credit hours) Overview of marketing management methods, principles and concepts including product, pricing, promotion and distribution decisions as well as segmentation, targeting and positioning. (3-0) S MKT 6309 Marketing Data Analysis and Research (3 semester credit hours) Methods employed in market research and data analysis to understand consumer behavior, customer journeys, and markets so as to enable better decision-making. Topics include understanding different sources of data, survey design, experiments, and sampling plans. The course will cover the techniques used for market sizing estimation and forecasting. In addition, the course will cover the foundational concepts and techniques used in data visualization and \"story-telling\" for clients and management. Corequisites: MKT 6301 and OPRE 6301. (3-0) Y MKT 6310 Consumer Behavior (3 semester credit hours) An exposition of the theoretical perspectives of consumer behavior along with practical marketing implication. Study of psychological, sociological and behavioral findings and frameworks with reference to consumer decision-making. Topics will include the consumer decision-making model, individual determinants of consumer behavior and environmental influences on consumer behavior and their impact on marketing. Prerequisite: MKT 6301. (3-0) Y MKT 6321 Interactive and Digital Marketing (3 semester credit hours) Introduction to the theory and practice of interactive and digital marketing. Topics covered include: online-market research, consumer behavior, conversion metrics, and segmentation considerations; ecommerce, search and display advertising, audiences, search engine marketing, email, mobile, video, social networks, and the Internet of Things. (3-0) T MKT 6322 Internet Business Models (3 semester credit hours) Topics to be covered are: consumer behavior on the Internet, advertising on the Internet, competitive strategies, market research using the Internet, brand management, managing distribution and supply chains, pricing strategies, electronic payment systems, and developing virtual organizations. Further, students learn auction theory, web content design, and clickstream analysis. Prerequisite: MKT 6301. (3-0) Y MKT 6323 Database Marketing (3 semester credit hours) Techniques to analyze, interpret, and utilize marketing databases of customers to identify a firm's best customers, understanding their needs, and targeting communications and promotions to retain such customers. Topics

5,537 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Farmer producer companies are seen as an institutional arrangement to provide market access and sustainable livelihood to small farmers as mentioned in this paper, and more than 4,200 producer organizations were registered in India.
Abstract: Farmer producer companies are seen as an institutional arrangement to provide market access and sustainable livelihood to small farmers. In India, more than 4,200 producer organizations were regist...

8 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a study was conducted to identify problems in the marketing system in Ethiopia, where current knowledge on product marketing in Ethiopia is poor and inadequate for designing and implementing policies to overcome problems.
Abstract: Current knowledge on product marketing in Ethiopia is poor and inadequate for designing and implementing policies to overcome problems in the marketing system. This study was conducted to identify ...

6 citations


Cites background from "How Participation in Vegetables Mar..."

  • ...Gebrehiwot et al. (2018) also reported that contact with extension agents is significantly improving the livelihood of smallholder producers....

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  • ...Gebrehiwot et al. (2018) reported that total land holding of the household, family size, the volume of vegetables produced and marketed, usage of irrigation technologies, interaction with extension agents, and access to market information and vegetable marketing significantly improve the…...

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  • ...Gebrehiwot et al. (2018) also reported the significant role of access to market information for improving the livelihoods of smallholder producers....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the authors used the PRISMA Method to reveal and sum up determinants affecting garlic production in Ethiopia using 12,000 publications from Google scholar, and 51 publications from the University of Toronto library search engine published on the web of science and Scopus.
Abstract: Abstract Today, garlic productivity in Ethiopia is below its potential which is ranked 15 in the world. This is due to numerous determinants that affect garlic production. Therefore, the study’s main objective was to reveal and sum up determinants affecting garlic production in Ethiopia using PRISMA Method. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis checklist s1 table were employed. Universally accredited and indexed high-quality databases and university libraries; specifically, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, University of Toronto Library, and Google Scholar were used for retrieving published data (2000–2022). The titles “Garlic” and Ethiopia” were used to retrieve articles. “Microsoft Excel” was used to summarize results. The present study indicated that a total of 12,000 publications from Google scholar, and 51 publications from the University of Toronto library search engine published on the web of science and Scopus were used. A total of 51 publications were chosen as being the most suitable for this paper. Among the 51 publications, 86%, 6%, 6%, and 2% were articles, Newsletter articles, Text resources, and conference proceedings, respectively. Accordingly, a study revealed that the low production of this crop is due to information obtained via a systematic review discussed and categorized as institutional determinants (15.69%), farmers’ characteristics (9.8%), production and management practice (68.63%), and postharvest (5.88%). Institutional; production and management practices are of the major determinants negatively affecting garlic production in Ethiopia. Moreover, research limitations also were revealed. The recommendation of this paper is therefore not general, specifically, each factor has been recommended.

2 citations

References
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Journal Article
TL;DR: The continuing convergence of the digital marketing and sales funnels has created a strategic continuum from digital lead generation to digital sales, which identifies the current composition of this digital continuum while providing opportunities to evaluate sales and marketing digital strategies.
Abstract: MKT 6009 Marketing Internship (0 semester credit hours) Student gains experience and improves skills through appropriate developmental work assignments in a real business environment. Student must identify and submit specific business learning objectives at the beginning of the semester. The student must demonstrate exposure to the managerial perspective via involvement or observation. At semester end, student prepares an oral or poster presentation, or a written paper reflecting on the work experience. Student performance is evaluated by the work supervisor. Pass/Fail only. Prerequisites: (MAS 6102 or MBA major) and department consent required. (0-0) S MKT 6244 Digital Marketing Strategy (2 semester credit hours) Executive Education Course. The course explores three distinct areas within marketing and sales namely, digital marketing, traditional sales prospecting, and executive sales organization and strategy. The continuing convergence of the digital marketing and sales funnels has created a strategic continuum from digital lead generation to digital sales. The course identifies the current composition of this digital continuum while providing opportunities to evaluate sales and marketing digital strategies. Prerequisites: MKT 6301 and instructor consent required. (2-0) Y MKT 6301 (SYSM 6318) Marketing Management (3 semester credit hours) Overview of marketing management methods, principles and concepts including product, pricing, promotion and distribution decisions as well as segmentation, targeting and positioning. (3-0) S MKT 6309 Marketing Data Analysis and Research (3 semester credit hours) Methods employed in market research and data analysis to understand consumer behavior, customer journeys, and markets so as to enable better decision-making. Topics include understanding different sources of data, survey design, experiments, and sampling plans. The course will cover the techniques used for market sizing estimation and forecasting. In addition, the course will cover the foundational concepts and techniques used in data visualization and \"story-telling\" for clients and management. Corequisites: MKT 6301 and OPRE 6301. (3-0) Y MKT 6310 Consumer Behavior (3 semester credit hours) An exposition of the theoretical perspectives of consumer behavior along with practical marketing implication. Study of psychological, sociological and behavioral findings and frameworks with reference to consumer decision-making. Topics will include the consumer decision-making model, individual determinants of consumer behavior and environmental influences on consumer behavior and their impact on marketing. Prerequisite: MKT 6301. (3-0) Y MKT 6321 Interactive and Digital Marketing (3 semester credit hours) Introduction to the theory and practice of interactive and digital marketing. Topics covered include: online-market research, consumer behavior, conversion metrics, and segmentation considerations; ecommerce, search and display advertising, audiences, search engine marketing, email, mobile, video, social networks, and the Internet of Things. (3-0) T MKT 6322 Internet Business Models (3 semester credit hours) Topics to be covered are: consumer behavior on the Internet, advertising on the Internet, competitive strategies, market research using the Internet, brand management, managing distribution and supply chains, pricing strategies, electronic payment systems, and developing virtual organizations. Further, students learn auction theory, web content design, and clickstream analysis. Prerequisite: MKT 6301. (3-0) Y MKT 6323 Database Marketing (3 semester credit hours) Techniques to analyze, interpret, and utilize marketing databases of customers to identify a firm's best customers, understanding their needs, and targeting communications and promotions to retain such customers. Topics

5,537 citations


"How Participation in Vegetables Mar..." refers background or result in this paper

  • ...play an important role in improving household’s income, nutrition, and food security. Mathew and Todd (2009) noted that the growing demand for local foods is presenting new opportunities for smallholder agricultural producers, but understanding the relative costs and benefits of different local channels is important to maximize farm performance. Since the adoption of the new economic policy in 1991, agricultural markets have been reformed and prices of commodities are determined through market mechanisms (Ethiopian Economics Association, 2004). As a result of such favorable conditions, a large number of smallholder producers are growing a variety of vegetable products for the local market. However, according to Wolday (1994), the performance of agricultural marketing systems in Ethiopia is constrained by several factors such as poor quality of agricultural produce, absence of market facilities, weak extension services that ignore marketing development, poor linkage of research and extension service, lack of marketing information and intelligent services, excessive value and periodic fluctuation, restricted access to credit, and transportation problems....

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  • ...This is in line with the result of Lapar et al., (2003) which underscores a decline in propensity to participate in the market with the rise in the numbers of household members....

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  • ...play an important role in improving household’s income, nutrition, and food security. Mathew and Todd (2009) noted that the growing demand for local foods is presenting new opportunities for smallholder agricultural producers, but understanding the relative costs and benefits of different local channels is important to maximize farm performance....

    [...]

  • ...play an important role in improving household’s income, nutrition, and food security. Mathew and Todd (2009) noted that the growing demand for local foods is presenting new opportunities for smallholder agricultural producers, but understanding the relative costs and benefits of different local channels is important to maximize farm performance. Since the adoption of the new economic policy in 1991, agricultural markets have been reformed and prices of commodities are determined through market mechanisms (Ethiopian Economics Association, 2004). As a result of such favorable conditions, a large number of smallholder producers are growing a variety of vegetable products for the local market. However, according to Wolday (1994), the performance of agricultural marketing systems in Ethiopia is constrained by several factors such as poor quality of agricultural produce, absence of market facilities, weak extension services that ignore marketing development, poor linkage of research and extension service, lack of marketing information and intelligent services, excessive value and periodic fluctuation, restricted access to credit, and transportation problems. By supporting marketing issues raised by Wolday, Mulat (2000) also highlighted the factors affecting the Ethiopian agricultural output market such as price variations, high transaction costs, high-risk factors, inadequate transportation networks, limited number of traders with inadequate capital and facilities, high handling costs, inadequate market information systems, weak bargaining power of farmers, and underdeveloped agro-industrial sectors....

    [...]

  • ...Kotler (2003) defines marketing as a societal process, by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating, offering, and freely exchanging products and services and value with others....

    [...]

01 Jan 2008
TL;DR: Agriculture is a vital development tool for achieving the Millennium Development Goal that calls for halving by 2015 the share of people suffering from extreme poverty and hunger as mentioned in this paper, which is the overall message of this year's World Development Report (WDR), the 30th in the series.
Abstract: Agriculture is a vital development tool for achieving the Millennium Development Goal that calls for halving by 2015 the share of people suffering from extreme poverty and hunger. That is the overall message of this year's World Development Report (WDR), the 30th in the series. Three out of every four poor people in developing countries live in rural areas, and most of them depend directly or indirectly on agriculture for their livelihoods. This report provides guidance to governments and the international community on designing and implementing agriculture for development agendas that can make a difference in the lives of hundreds of millions of rural poor. The report highlights two major regional challenges. In much of Sub-Saharan Africa, agriculture is a strong option for spurring growth, overcoming poverty, and enhancing food security. Agricultural productivity growth is vital for stimulating growth in other parts of the economy. But accelerated growth requires a sharp productivity increase in smallholder farming combined with more effective support to the millions coping as subsistence farmers, many of them in remote areas. Recent improved performance holds promise, and this report identifies many emerging successes that can be scaled up. In Asia, overcoming widespread poverty requires confronting widening rural-urban income disparities. Asia's fast-growing economies remain home to over 600 million rural people living in extreme poverty, and despite massive rural-urban migration, rural poverty will remain dominant for several more decades. For this reason, the WDR focuses on ways to generate rural jobs by diversifying into labor intensive, high value agriculture linked to a dynamic rural, non-farm sector. In all regions, with rising land and water scarcity and the added pressures of a globalizing world, the future of agriculture is intrinsically tied to better stewardship of natural resources. With the right incentives and investments, agriculture's environmental footprint can be lightened and environmental services harnessed to protect watersheds and biodiversity.

3,822 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors develop and estimate a model of supply response when transactions costs create a situation where some producers buy, others sell, and others do not participate in markets.
Abstract: We develop and estimate a model of supply response when transactions costs create a situation where some producers buy, others sell, and others do not participate in markets. We present two rationales for why producing households may have different relationships to the market: proportional and fixed transactions costs. Using data on Mexican corn producers, we estimate an empirical model that allows for separate tests of the significance of both types of transactions costs, revealing that both fixed and proportional transactions costs matter for the estimation. The results provide consistent estimates of supply elasticity and measures of the relative importance of factors determining both proportional and fixed transactions costs.

848 citations


"How Participation in Vegetables Mar..." refers background in this paper

  • ...The majority of smallholder farmers in developing countries are located in remote areas with poor infrastructure and they often fail to participate in markets due to the high transaction costs involved (Key et al., 2000; Makhura, 2001; Omamo, 1998)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors used data from a quasi-experiment conducted in Northeast Thailand in 1995-1996 and found that program loans are having little impact although naïve estimates of impact that fail to account for self-selection and endogenous program placement significantly overestimate impact.

614 citations


"How Participation in Vegetables Mar..." refers background in this paper

  • ...African markets are typically undercapitalized and inefficient (Fafchamps, 2004; Gabre-Madhin, 2003). Jaleta (2007) also revealed that limited marketing outlets and lack of price information were the major factors that hindered the move from subsistence farming to cash crop production....

    [...]

  • ...According to Emana and Gebremedhin (2007), factors such as inadequate markets, low prices, a lot of intermediaries and inadequate marketing institutions, and interaction among farmers make it impossible for small-scale farmers to take part in formal markets....

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  • ...Because of these constraints, smallholder farmers are not getting the right share of the consumer price and they are not producing and selling in an organized manner and as a result part of their benefit may transfer to the middle men (Coleman, 1999). All of these factors reduce their participation in economic transactions and results in subsistence agriculture rather than market-oriented production systems. Farmers make two interrelated decisions, i.e., decision to sell or not to sell (market participation) and to whom to sell (market channel choice). Both decisions are key ingredients for successful marketing and determine the well-being and income to be obtained. This is so because different channels are characterized by different benefits (profitability) and costs. In Malawi, a wide range of indigenous vegetables are grown that play a critical role in the nutrition of the people by providing essential minerals and vitamins that generate some income for smallholders (Mkamanga, 1990). A study made by Bathi and Singh (1993) indicated that their returns JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL FOOD & AGRIBUSINESS MARKETING 109...

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  • ...African markets are typically undercapitalized and inefficient (Fafchamps, 2004; Gabre-Madhin, 2003). Jaleta (2007) also revealed that limited marketing outlets and lack of price information were the major factors that hindered the move from subsistence farming to cash crop production. The majority of smallholder farmers in developing countries are located in remote areas with poor infrastructure and they often fail to participate in markets due to the high transaction costs involved (Key et al., 2000; Makhura, 2001; Omamo, 1998). Makhura and Mokoena (2003) also identified infrastructure, distance to the market, lack of assets (e....

    [...]

  • ...Because of these constraints, smallholder farmers are not getting the right share of the consumer price and they are not producing and selling in an organized manner and as a result part of their benefit may transfer to the middle men (Coleman, 1999)....

    [...]