How to Formulate for Structure and Texture via Medium of Additive Manufacturing-A Review.
TL;DR: The current and future outlook of additive manufacturing in the food industry is shown and the reports on edible printed materials are briefly presented.
Abstract: Additive manufacturing, which is also known as 3D printing, is an emerging and growing technology. It is providing significant innovations and improvements in many areas such as engineering, production, medicine, and more. 3D food printing is an area of great promise to provide an indulgence or entertaining experience, personalized food product, or specific nutritional needs. This paper reviews the additive manufacturing methods and materials in detail as well as their advantages and disadvantages. After a full discussion of 3D food printing, the reports on edible printed materials are briefly presented and discussed. In the end, the current and future outlook of additive manufacturing in the food industry is shown.
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TL;DR: This review gathers and analyzes information on the effects of printable edible ink material properties on 3D print accuracy, and discusses the impact of printing parameters on accurate printing.
Abstract: Interest in additive manufacture has grown significantly in recent years, driving a need for printable materials that can sustain high strains and still fulfill their function in applications such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine field, food engineering and field of aerospace, etc. As an emerging and promising technology, 3Dprinting has attracted more and more attention with fast manipulation, reduce production cost, customize geometry, increase competitiveness and advantages in many hot research areas. Many researchers have done a lot of investigations on printable materials, ranging from a single material to composite material. Main content: This review focuses on the contents of printable edible inks. It also gathers and analyzes information on the effects of printable edible ink material properties on 3D print accuracy. In addition, it discusses the impact of printing parameters on accurate printing, and puts forward current challenges and recommendations for future research and development.
105 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the existing work on 3D food printing and discuss the recent developments concerning food texture design, including numerical simulations, incorporation of cooking technology to the printing, and 4D modifications.
Abstract: An important factor in consumers’ acceptability, beyond visual appearance and taste, is food texture. The elderly and people with dysphagia are more likely to present malnourishment due to visually and texturally unappealing food. Three-dimensional Printing is an additive manufacturing technology that can aid the food industry in developing novel and more complex food products and has the potential to produce tailored foods for specific needs. As a technology that builds food products layer by layer, 3D Printing can present a new methodology to design realistic food textures by the precise placement of texturing elements in the food, printing of multi-material products, and design of complex internal structures. This paper intends to review the existing work on 3D food printing and discuss the recent developments concerning food texture design. Advantages and limitations of 3D Printing in the food industry, the material-based printability and model-based texture, and the future trends in 3D Printing, including numerical simulations, incorporation of cooking technology to the printing, and 4D modifications are discussed. Key challenges for the mainstream adoption of 3D Printing are also elaborated on.
50 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated 4D changes in colors and flavors of 3D-printed healthy food products in response to an external or internal pH stimulus, and found that the color of the 3D printed product changed from blue (control sample) to red, purple, violet, blue, blue green, and green-yellow colors when sprayed with pH solutions of 2, 3-4, 5-6, 7, 8-9, and 10, respectively.
39 citations
TL;DR: The aim of the work was to establish an automated design process and find a reliable set of parameters for rapid and affordable manufacturing of usable orthoses on popular 3D printers, with little or no supervision of the process.
Abstract: The paper presents results of research conducted on a batch of additively manufactured individualized openwork wrist-hand orthoses made of thermoplastics and designed automatically based on 3D-scanned geometry of a given patient. The aim of the work was to establish an automated design process and find a reliable set of parameters for rapid and affordable manufacturing of usable orthoses on popular 3D printers, with little or no supervision of the process. The paper presents motivations, methodology of automated design, plan of manufacturing and testing, the obtained results in terms of process stability, fit and assessment by patient and strength of the obtained orthoses. Almost 100 manufacturing processes of ready-to-use orthosis parts were carried out in a controlled environment and their results were analyzed thoroughly. The results are promising, as most of the obtained products fulfil the strength criteria, although not all of them meet the economic criteria. As a result, a recommended set of process parameters was determined. These parameters were included in a prototype of the automated design and in a production system developed by the authors.
31 citations
Cites background from "How to Formulate for Structure and ..."
...The 3D printing processes can also be useful in the field of foods and nutrition [5], patient education [6] and teaching of resident physicians [7]....
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References
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TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the main 3D printing methods, materials and their development in trending applications was carried out in this paper, where the revolutionary applications of AM in biomedical, aerospace, buildings and protective structures were discussed.
Abstract: Freedom of design, mass customisation, waste minimisation and the ability to manufacture complex structures, as well as fast prototyping, are the main benefits of additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing. A comprehensive review of the main 3D printing methods, materials and their development in trending applications was carried out. In particular, the revolutionary applications of AM in biomedical, aerospace, buildings and protective structures were discussed. The current state of materials development, including metal alloys, polymer composites, ceramics and concrete, was presented. In addition, this paper discussed the main processing challenges with void formation, anisotropic behaviour, the limitation of computer design and layer-by-layer appearance. Overall, this paper gives an overview of 3D printing, including a survey on its benefits and drawbacks as a benchmark for future research and development.
4,159 citations
"How to Formulate for Structure and ..." refers background in this paper
...Rapid prototyping is one of the main benefits of 3D printing [9]....
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TL;DR: Polymers are by far the most utilized class of materials for AM and their design, additives, and processing parameters as they relate to enhancing build speed and improving accuracy, functionality, surface finish, stability, mechanical properties, and porosity are addressed.
Abstract: Additive manufacturing (AM) alias 3D printing translates computer-aided design (CAD) virtual 3D models into physical objects. By digital slicing of CAD, 3D scan, or tomography data, AM builds objects layer by layer without the need for molds or machining. AM enables decentralized fabrication of customized objects on demand by exploiting digital information storage and retrieval via the Internet. The ongoing transition from rapid prototyping to rapid manufacturing prompts new challenges for mechanical engineers and materials scientists alike. Because polymers are by far the most utilized class of materials for AM, this Review focuses on polymer processing and the development of polymers and advanced polymer systems specifically for AM. AM techniques covered include vat photopolymerization (stereolithography), powder bed fusion (SLS), material and binder jetting (inkjet and aerosol 3D printing), sheet lamination (LOM), extrusion (FDM, 3D dispensing, 3D fiber deposition, and 3D plotting), and 3D bioprinting....
2,136 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the societal impact of additive manufacturing from a technical perspective is reviewed, and an abundance of evidences are found to support the promises of additive-manufacturing in the following areas: (1) customized healthcare products to improve population health and quality of life, (2) reduced environmental impact for manufacturing sustainability, and (3) simplified supply chain to increase efficiency and responsiveness in demand fulfillment.
Abstract: Thirty years into its development, additive manufacturing has become a mainstream manufacturing process. Additive manufacturing build up parts by adding materials one layer at a time based on a computerized 3D solid model. It does not require the use of fixtures, cutting tools, coolants, and other auxiliary resources. It allows design optimization and the producing of customized parts on-demand. Its advantages over conventional manufacturing have captivated the imagination of the public, reflected in recent mainstream publications that call additive manufacturing “the third industrial revolution.” This paper reviews the societal impact of additive manufacturing from a technical perspective. Abundance of evidences were found to support the promises of additive manufacturing in the following areas: (1) customized healthcare products to improve population health and quality of life, (2) reduced environmental impact for manufacturing sustainability, and (3) simplified supply chain to increase efficiency and responsiveness in demand fulfillment. In the mean time, the review also identified the need for further research in the areas of life-cycle energy consumption evaluation and potential occupation hazard assessment for additive manufacturing.
1,440 citations
"How to Formulate for Structure and ..." refers background in this paper
...There is an abundance of evidence that suggests AM will be promising in the following areas [15,16]: (1) customised healthcare products for improving health and quality of life....
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...Moreover, the societal impact study from a technical perspective shows further research is necessary in life-cycle energy consumption evaluation and potential occupation hazard assessment for additive manufacturing [15]....
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TL;DR: The optimized polypeptide protocol is most accurate for extended peptides of limited size and number of formal charges, defining a domain of applicability for this approach.
Abstract: Predicting the binding mode of flexible polypeptides to proteins is an important task that falls outside the domain of applicability of most small molecule and protein–protein docking tools. Here, we test the small molecule flexible ligand docking program Glide on a set of 19 non-α-helical peptides and systematically improve pose prediction accuracy by enhancing Glide sampling for flexible polypeptides. In addition, scoring of the poses was improved by post-processing with physics-based implicit solvent MM-GBSA calculations. Using the best RMSD among the top 10 scoring poses as a metric, the success rate (RMSD ≤ 2.0 A for the interface backbone atoms) increased from 21% with default Glide SP settings to 58% with the enhanced peptide sampling and scoring protocol in the case of redocking to the native protein structure. This approaches the accuracy of the recently developed Rosetta FlexPepDock method (63% success for these 19 peptides) while being over 100 times faster. Cross-docking was performed for a su...
1,134 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of additive manufacturing process technology on industrial sustainability is investigated and the consequences of adopting this novel production technology are not well understood and an exploratory study draws on publically available data to provide insights into the impacts of additive additive manufacturing on sustainability.
1,061 citations
"How to Formulate for Structure and ..." refers background or methods in this paper
...The term “additive manufacturing (AM)”, which is often termed 3D printing and rapid prototyping, covers several quite different manufacturing technologies that enable the creation of objects to be fabricated on demand [1,2]....
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...However, with AM technologies, highly customised products can be manufactured more sustainably [1]....
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...In its early days, AM was used for rapid prototyping and then tooling and these application areas continue to be used [1]....
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