Open accessJournal Article

How to read between the lines of electronic spectra: the diagnostics of fluctuations in strongly correlated electron systems.

02 Mar 2021-Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter (IOP Publishing)-Vol. 33, Iss: 21, pp 214001
Abstract: While calculations and measurements of single-particle spectral properties often offer the most direct route to study correlated electron systems, the underlying physics may remain quite elusive, if information at higher particle levels is not explicitly included. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the different approaches which have been recently developed and applied to identify the dominant two-particle scattering processes controlling the shape of the one-particle spectral functions and, in some cases, of the physical response of the system. In particular, we will discuss the underlying general idea, the common threads and the specific peculiarities of all the proposed approaches. While all of them rely on a selective analysis of the Schwinger-Dyson (or the Bethe-Salpeter) equation, the methodological differences originate from the specific two-particle vertex functions to be computed and decomposed. Finally, we illustrate the potential strength of these methodologies by means of their applications the two-dimensional Hubbard model, and we provide an outlook over the future perspective and developments of this route for understanding the physics of correlated electrons.

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Open accessJournal Article
Thomas Schäfer, Nils Wentzell, Fedor Simkovic, Yuan-Yao He  +22 moreInstitutions (2)
23 Mar 2021-Physical Review X
Abstract: The Hubbard model represents the fundamental model for interacting quantum systems and electronic correlations. Using the two-dimensional half-filled Hubbard model at weak coupling as testing grounds, we perform a comparative study of a comprehensive set of state of the art quantum many-body methods. Upon cooling into its insulating antiferromagnetic ground-state, the model hosts a rich sequence of distinct physical regimes with crossovers between a high-temperature incoherent regime, an intermediate temperature metallic regime and a low-temperature insulating regime with a pseudogap created by antiferromagnetic fluctuations. We assess the ability of each method to properly address these physical regimes and crossovers through the computation of several observables probing both quasiparticle properties and magnetic correlations, with two numerically exact methods (diagrammatic and determinantal quantum Monte Carlo) serving as a benchmark. By combining computational results and analytical insights, we elucidate the nature and role of spin fluctuations in each of these regimes and explain, in particular, how quasiparticles can coexist with increasingly long-range antiferromagnetic correlations in the metallic regime. We also critically discuss whether imaginary time methods are able to capture the non-Fermi liquid singularities of this fully nested system.

Topics: Hubbard model (60%), Quantum Monte Carlo (55%), Imaginary time (52%) ... show more

58 Citations

Open accessJournal Article
Abstract: The Hubbard model represents the fundamental model for interacting quantum systems and electronic correlations Using the two-dimensional half-filled Hubbard model at weak coupling as a testing ground, we perform a comparative study of a comprehensive set of state of the art quantum many-body methods Upon cooling into its insulating antiferromagnetic ground-state, the model hosts a rich sequence of distinct physical regimes with crossovers between a high-temperature incoherent regime, an intermediate temperature metallic regime and a low-temperature insulating regime with a pseudogap created by antiferromagnetic fluctuations We assess the ability of each method to properly address these physical regimes and crossovers through the computation of several observables probing both quasiparticle properties and magnetic correlations, with two numerically exact methods (diagrammatic and determinantal quantum Monte Carlo) serving as a benchmark By combining computational results and analytical insights, we elucidate the nature and role of spin fluctuations in each of these regimes Based on this analysis, we explain how quasiparticles can coexist with increasingly long-range antiferromagnetic correlations, and why dynamical mean-field theory is found to provide a remarkably accurate approximation of local quantities in the metallic regime We also critically discuss whether imaginary time methods are able to capture the non-Fermi liquid singularities of this fully nested system

Topics: Hubbard model (61%), Quantum Monte Carlo (55%), Imaginary time (53%) ... show more

27 Citations

Open accessJournal Article
Abstract: The parquet formalism and Hedin's $GW\gamma$ approach are unified into a single theory of vertex corrections, corresponding to an exact reformulation of the parquet equations in terms of boson exchange. The method has no drawbacks compared to previous parquet solvers but has the significant advantage that the vertex functions decay quickly with frequencies and with respect to distances in real space. These properties coincide with the respective separation of the length and energy scales of the two-particle correlations into long/short-ranged and high/low-energetic.

12 Citations

Open accessJournal Article
12 Aug 2021-Physical Review B
Abstract: While it is commonly assumed that correlation effects in quantum materials get partly mitigated by the onset of magnetic order, the precise role played by strong correlations in spontaneous symmetry-broken phases remains largely unexplored. Here, the authors' generalization of one of the most used diagrammatic extensions of dynamical mean-field theory to treat magnetic ordered phases provides a powerful tool to unveil the spectroscopic signatures of electronic correlations in strongly correlated quantum magnets, as highlighted by preliminary results for testbed cases.

3 Citations

Open accessPosted Content
Abstract: We investigate the interplay of electronic correlations and spin-orbit coupling (SOC) for a one-band and a two-band honeycomb lattice model. The main difference between the two models concerning SOC is that in the one-band case the SOC is a purely non-local term in the basis of the $p_z$ orbitals, whereas in the two-band case with $p_x$ and $p_y$ as basis functions it is purely local. In order to grasp the correlation effects on non-local spin-orbit coupling, we apply the TRILEX approach that allows to calculate non-local contributions to the self-energy approximatively. For the two-band case we apply dynamical mean-field theory. In agreement with previous studies, we find that for all parameter values in our study, the effect of correlations on the spin-orbit coupling strength is that the bare effective SOC parameter is increased. However, this increase is much weaker in the non-local than in the local SOC case. Concerning the TRILEX method, we introduce the necessary formulas for calculations with broken SU(2) symmetry.

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83 results found

Journal Article
Abstract: We review the dynamical mean-field theory of strongly correlated electron systems which is based on a mapping of lattice models onto quantum impurity models subject to a self-consistency condition. This mapping is exact for models of correlated electrons in the limit of large lattice coordination (or infinite spatial dimensions). It extends the standard mean-field construction from classical statistical mechanics to quantum problems. We discuss the physical ideas underlying this theory and its mathematical derivation. Various analytic and numerical techniques that have been developed recently in order to analyze and solve the dynamical mean-field equations are reviewed and compared to each other. The method can be used for the determination of phase diagrams (by comparing the stability of various types of long-range order), and the calculation of thermodynamic properties, one-particle Green's functions, and response functions. We review in detail the recent progress in understanding the Hubbard model and the Mott metal-insulator transition within this approach, including some comparison to experiments on three-dimensional transition-metal oxides. We present an overview of the rapidly developing field of applications of this method to other systems. The present limitations of the approach, and possible extensions of the formalism are finally discussed. Computer programs for the numerical implementation of this method are also provided with this article.

4,675 Citations

Journal Article
P. C. Hohenberg1Institutions (1)
10 Jun 1967-Physical Review
Abstract: It is pointed out that a rigorous inequality first proved by Bogoliubov may be used to rule out the existence of quasi-averages (or long-range order) in Bose and Fermi systems for one and two dimensions and $T\ensuremath{ e}0$.

Topics: Order (ring theory) (51%)

1,516 Citations

Journal Article
Abstract: A new approach to correlated Fermi systems such as the Hubbard model, the periodic Anderson model etc. is discussed, which makes use of the limit of high spatial dimensions. This limit — which is wellknown in the case of classical as well as localized quantum spin models — is found to be very helpful also in the case of quantum mechanical models with itinerant degrees of freedom. Many investigations, which are prohibitively difficult in lower dimensions, become tractable in this limit. In particular, essential features of systems in d = 3, and even lower dimensions, are very well described by the results in d = ∞ or expansions around this limit. A brief review of the state-of-the-art is presented.

Topics: Hubbard model (54%),

1,508 Citations

Journal Article
Abstract: In narrow-band systems electrons can interact with each other via a short-range nonretarded attractive potential. The origin of such an effective local attraction can be polaronic or it can be due to a coupling between electrons and excitons or plasmons. It can also result from purely chemical (electronic) mechanisms, especially in compounds with elements favoring disproportionation of valent states. These mechanisms are discussed and an exhaustive list of materials in which such local electron pairing occurs is given. The authors review the thermodynamic and electromagnetic properties of such systems in several limiting scenarios: (i) Systems with on-site pairing which can be described by the extended negative-$U$ Hubbard model. The strong-attraction limit of this model, at which it reduces to a system of tightly bound electron pairs (bipolarons) on a lattice, is extensively discussed. These electron pairs behaving as hard-core charged bosons can exhibit a superconducting state analogous to that of superfluid $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ II. The change-over from weak-attraction BCS-like superconductivity to the superfluidity of charged hard-core bosons is examined. (ii) Systems with intersite pairing described by an extended Hubbard model with $Ug0$ and nearest-neighbor attraction and/or nearest-neighbor spin exchange as well as correlated hopping. (iii) A mixture of local pairs and itinerant electrons interacting via a charge-exchange mechanism giving rise to a mutually induced superconductivity in both subsystems. The authors discuss to what extent the picture of local pairing, and in particular superfluidity of hard-core charged bosons on a lattice, can be an explanation for the superconducting and normal-state properties of the high-${T}_{c}$ oxides: doped BaBi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and the cuprates.

Topics: Hubbard model (58%), Pairing (56%), BCS theory (54%) ... show more

1,207 Citations

Open accessJournal Article
Abstract: This article reviews quantum cluster theories, a set of approximations for infinite lattice models which treat correlations within the cluster explicitly, and correlations at longer length scales either perturbatively or within a mean-field approximation. These methods become exact when the cluster size diverges, and most recover the corresponding mean-field approximation when the cluster size becomes 1. Although quantum cluster theories were originally developed to treat disordered systems, they have more recently been applied to the study of ordered and disordered correlated systems, which will be the focus of this review. After a brief historical review, the authors provide detailed derivations of three cluster formalisms: the cluster perturbation theory, the dynamical cluster approximation, and the cellular dynamical mean-field theory. They compare their advantages and review their applications to common models of correlated electron systems.

Topics: Cluster (physics) (54%),

861 Citations

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