Human capability of discriminating relief-like 2d figures in tactile displaying
TL;DR: The tactile image was mainly recognized by a slowly adaptive type I unit, but the first adaptive type II unit was not affected by specimen cooling due to discrimination precision, and discrimination sensitivity was not different between the free and restricted haptic motions.
Abstract: To enhance tactile display capability, we performed a series of experiments based on psychophysics in which we adopted a circle and eight kinds of ovals as stimuli of the convex line (hereafter tactile image). The circle's diameter is 10 mm, the minor axes of the eight ovals are decreased in 3% steps from the circles, and each major axis is adjusted so that the area of each oval equals the circle area. Human subjects judged which stimuli (presented on the left or the right tactile images) equal the circle. The experiment was conducted on both the finger pads and the thenar parts to compare their experimental sensitivity ratios with the sensitivity ratio estimated on the basis of mechanoreceptor density. The discrimination sensitivity for the thenar part is inferior to that for the finger pad in terms of the low density of the mechanoreceptor in the thenar part. The tactile image was mainly recognized by a slowly adaptive type I unit, but the first adaptive type II unit was not affected by specimen cooling due to discrimination precision. Subsequently, discrimination sensitivity was not different between the free and restricted haptic motions. Since this result implies that the tactile image is modified by a motor signal for the haptic motion to prevent blurring of the tactile image, perhaps the motion movement in the tactile display is changed based on the design convenience.
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TL;DR: The combined presentation of distributed pressure and parallel slippage force was effective to present a virtual edge presentation of the tactile mouse and can enhance the degree of reality of a virtual figure.
Abstract: Problem statement: Although a conventional tactile display can genera te distributed pressure, our tactile mouse can generate not only d istributed pressure but also slippage force. In previous works, this tactile mouse was effective on virtual figure presentation tests. Advanced tests are required to evaluate this tactile display. Approach: To compare virtual reality presented by the presen t tactile mouse and a real object, we produced an edg e presentation apparatus composed of an x-y stage and two rotary stages to compare real feeling with virtual reality. In virtual edge presentation, slip page stimulus of a spike was generated in addition to st ep-height stimulus when a mouse cursor travels on the virtual edge. Results: In virtual edge presentation, we performed three s eries of experiments: distributed pressure presentation, combined present ation of distributed pressure and vertical slippage force and combined presentation of distributed pres sure and parallel slippage force. In the case of th e combined presentation of distributed pressure and p arallel slippage force, a human subject's judgment of edge direction was performed with the highest pr ecision among virtual edge presentation tests. When the human subject touched the real edge orientation presented by the apparatus, the precision became higher than any case of virtual presentation . Conclusion/Recommendations: The combined presentation of distributed pressure and parallel s lippage force was effective to present a virtual ed ge. The pressure-slippage-generating tactile mouse can enhance the degree of reality of a virtual figure.
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Book•
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: This handbook covers theory and methods; basic visual processes; auditory, kinesthetic, cutaneous, and vestibular senses; and space and motion perception; and human performance.
Abstract: Written by well-known specialists, here is a comprehensive handbook on human perception and performance. Volume one covers theory and methods; basic visual processes; auditory, kinesthetic, cutaneous, and vestibular senses; and space and motion perception. Volume two treats information processing, perceptual organization and cognition, and human performance. Organized to facilitate reference usefulness, these volumes provide substantial cross-referencing and extensive use of illustrations. In addition, a substantial amount of tutorial material is provided, with several hundred pages devoted to the elucidation of the conceptual and methodological underpinnings of the more substantive chapters. Figure legends are extremely detailed to enhance their reference usefulness without having to search accompanying text for relevant coverage.
3,166 citations
Book•
01 Dec 2015
TL;DR: The theory of signal detection has been studied extensively in the literature, see as mentioned in this paper for an overview. But the application of TSD is limited to the measurement of sensory attributes and discrimination scales.
Abstract: Contents: Preface. Psychophysical Measurement of Thresholds: Differential Sensitivity. Psychophysical Measurement of Thresholds: Absolute Sensitivity. The Classical Psychophysical Methods. Classical Psychophysical Theory. The Theory of Signal Detection. Further Considerations of TSD. Procedures of TSD. Some Applications of TSD. The Measurement of Sensory Attributes and Discrimination Scales. Partition Scales. Psychophysical Ration Scaling. Evaluation of Ratio Scaling Methods. The Psychophysical Law. Some Fundamental Issues in Psychophysical Scaling.
1,088 citations
936 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The relationship between the stimulus amplitude and perceived intensity during sustained skin indentations did not match the corresponding stimulus response functions of SA units suggesting non-linear transformations within the central nervous system.
Abstract: Recordings from single peripheral nerve fibres made it possible to analyse the functional properties of tactile afferent units supplying the glabrous skin of the human hand and to assess directly the relation between impulse discharge and perceptive experiences. The 17,000 tactile units in this skin area of the human hand are of four different types: two fast adapting types, FA I and FA II (formerly RA and PC), and two slowly adapting types, SA I and SA II. The receptive field characteristics and the densities in the skin of the type I units (FA I and SA I) indicate that these account for the detailed spatial resolution that is of paramount importance for the motor skill and the explorative role of the hand. The relationship between the stimulus amplitude and perceived intensity during sustained skin indentations did not match the corresponding stimulus response functions of SA units suggesting non-linear transformations within the central nervous system. These transformations, in turn, appear to vary between subjects. A single impulse in a single FA I unit may be felt when originating from the most important tactile regions of the hand, indicating that the psychophysical detection may be set by the threshold of the sense organs. Moreover, no significant noise seems to be superimposed in the respective central sensory pathways.
845 citations
TL;DR: This review tries to illuminate the historical background of adaptive procedures, explain their differences and similarities, and provide criteria for choosing among the various techniques.
639 citations