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Journal Article•DOI•

Human CCAAT-binding proteins have heterologous subunits

Lewis A. Chodosh1, Lewis A. Chodosh2, Albert S. Baldwin1, Richard W. Carthew1, Phillip A. Sharp1 •
Massachusetts Institute of Technology1, Harvard University2
08 Apr 1988-Cell (Cell Press)-Vol. 53, Iss: 1, pp 11-24
TL;DR: A family of related multisubunit CCAAT-binding proteins that are composed of heterologous subunits are proposed that are related to each other and to the adenovirus origin of replication and is required for the initiation ofadenoviral replication.
About: This article is published in Cell.The article was published on 1988-04-08 and is currently open access. It has received 596 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Nuclear factor I & Protein subunit.

Summary (1 min read)

Jump to:  and [Discussion]

Discussion

  • Several mutations that affect the transcription efficiency of these promoters do not alter sequences shared with the NF-I consensus sequence (Table 2 ; Rosenfeld et al., 1987; Leegwater et al., 1985) .
  • In fact, the yeast and human CCAAT-binding proteins are so similar that CPlA will functionally substitute for the HAP3 gene product in a specific binding reaction (Chodosh et al., 1988) .
  • Plasmid pNF-I contains a high-afflnlty NF-I bmdlng site derived by mutatmg a single posltlon of the adenovirus origm of repllcatlon.

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Citations
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Journal Article•DOI•
Weight matrix descriptions of four eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoter elements derived from 502 unrelated promoter sequences

[...]

Philipp Bucher1•
Weizmann Institute of Science1
20 Apr 1990-Journal of Molecular Biology
TL;DR: Optimized weight matrices defining four major eukaryotic promoter elements, the TATA-box, cap signal, CCAAT-, and GC-box are presented; they were derived by comparative sequence analysis of 502 unrelated RNA polymerase II promoter regions by a novel algorithm that is generally applicable to sequence motifs positionally correlated with a biologically defined position in the sequences.

1,128 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Regulated expression of a gene encoding a nuclear factor, IRF-1, that specifically binds to IFN-β gene regulatory elements

[...]

Masaaki Miyamoto1, Takashi Fujita1, Yoko Kimura1, Mitsuo Maruyama1, Hisashi Harada1, Yoshiaki Sudo1, Takashi Miyata, Tadatsugu Taniguchi1 •
Osaka University1
09 Sep 1988-Cell
TL;DR: It is shown here that the IRF-1 gene possesses virus-inducible promoter and is also involved in the regulation of other genes such as IFN-alpha and MHC class I genes.

941 citations

Additional excerpts

  • ..., 1986), and the latter CP-1 or CP-2 (Chodosh et al., 1988)....

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Journal Article•DOI•
Five intermediate complexes in transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II

[...]

Stephen Buratowski1, Steven Hahn1, Leonard Guarente1, Phillip A. Sharp1•
Massachusetts Institute of Technology1
24 Feb 1989-Cell
TL;DR: A native gel electrophoresis DNA binding assay was used to resolve complexes formed on the adenovirus Major Late Promoter by general transcription factors and RNA polymerase II, generating new complexes that contained accurately initiated transcripts associated with the transcription machinery and the template DNA.

933 citations

Cites background or methods from "Human CCAAT-binding proteins have h..."

  • ...The yeast transcription activator HAP 2/3 (Hahn and Guarente, 1988) and a family of human CCAAT binding proteins (Chodosh et al., 1988a) require at least two different polypeptides to reconstitute sequence-specific binding in a gel shift assay....

    [...]

  • ...This upstream footprint is clearly different from footprints of the upstream activators MLTF (Carthew et al., 1985; Sawadogo and Roeder, 1985b; Moncollin et al., 1988) or CPl (Chodosh et al., 1988a)....

    [...]

  • ...In addition, the heteromeric contacts between the subunits of the yeast and mammalian activators are highly conserved, as subunits from the different species can be combined to regenerate specific binding (Chodosh et al., 1988b)....

    [...]

  • ...DNA Probes DNA for probes was from the plasmids pRW (MLP sequences -53 to +33 cloned into the Sma site of pUC13) or pLP (-174 to +33; Chodosh et al., 1988)....

    [...]

Journal Article•DOI•
Identification of a putative regulator of early T cell activation genes

[...]

Jeng-Pyng Shaw1, Paul J. Utz, D B Durand, J. J. Toole, Elizabeth A. Emmel, Gerald R. Crabtree •
Howard Hughes Medical Institute1
08 Jul 1988-Science
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used functional sequences of the T cell activation-specific enhancer of interleukin-2 (IL-2) to investigate the role of the antigen receptor-dependent regulation of early T-cell activation genes.
Abstract: Molecules involved in the antigen receptor-dependent regulation of early T cell activation genes were investigated with the use of functional sequences of the T cell activation-specific enhancer of interleukin-2 (IL-2). One of these sequences forms a protein complex, NFAT-1, specifically with nuclear extracts of activated T cells. This complex appeared 10 to 25 minutes before the activation of the IL-2 gene. Studies with inhibitors of protein synthesis indicated that the time of synthesis of the activator of the IL-2 gene in Jurkat T cells corresponds to the time of appearance of NFAT-1. NFAT-1, or a very similar protein, bound functional sequences of the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1; the LTR of this virus is known to be stimulated during early T cell activation. The binding site for this complex activated a linked promoter after transfection into antigen receptor-activated T cells but not other cell types. These characteristics suggest that NFAT-1 transmits signals initiated at the T cell antigen receptor.

915 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Compilation of vertebrate-encoded transcription factors.

[...]

Steffen Faisst1, Silke Meyer1•
Pasteur Institute1
11 Jan 1992-Nucleic Acids Research

891 citations

References
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Book Chapter•DOI•
Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages.

[...]

Allan M. Maxam, Walter Gilbert
01 Jan 1980-Methods in Enzymology
TL;DR: The chapter presents techniques for producing discrete DNA fragments, end-labeling DNA, segregating end- labeled fragments, extracting DNA from gels, and the protocols for partially cleaving it at specific bases using the chemical reactions.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. In the chemical DNA sequencing method, one end-labels the DNA, partially cleaves it at each of the four bases in four reactions, orders the products by size on a slab gel, and then reads the sequence from an autoradiogram by noting which base-specific agent cleaved at each successive nucleotide along the strand. This technique sequences the DNA made in and purified from cells. No enzymatic copying in vitro is required, and either single- or double-stranded DNA can be sequenced. Most chemical schemes that cleave at one or two of the four bases involve three consecutive steps: modification of a base, removal of the modified base from its sugar, and DNA strand scission at that sugar. Base-specific chemical cleavage is only one step in sequencing DNA. The chapter presents techniques for producing discrete DNA fragments, end-labeling DNA, segregating end-labeled fragments, extracting DNA from gels, and the protocols for partially cleaving it at specific bases using the chemical reactions. The chapter also discusses the electrophoresis of the chemical cleavage products on long-distance sequencing gels and a guide for troubleshooting problems in sequencing patterns.

12,321 citations

"Human CCAAT-binding proteins have h..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Probes were partrally methylated with dimethylsulfate (Maxam and Gilbert, 1980) purrfred, and used as substrate rn a standard brndrng reactron as above, with the exceptron that reactions were scaled up to 50 MI, and contained 200,000 cpm of the appropriate probe rn additron to 10 pg…...

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Journal Article•DOI•
Equilibria and kinetics of lac repressor-operator interactions by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

[...]

Michael Fried1, Donald M. Crothers1•
Yale University1
11 Dec 1981-Nucleic Acids Research
TL;DR: Gel electrophoresis in studies of equilibrium binding, site distribution, and kinetics of protein-DNA interactions found that binding to the so-called third operator site (03) is 15-18 fold weaker than operator binding, and that the binding reactions with the first and third operators are uncoupled, implying that there is no communication between the sites.
Abstract: We describe the use of gel electrophoresis in studies of equilibrium binding, site distribution, and kinetics of protein-DNA interactions. The method, which we call protein distribution analysis, is simple, sensitive and yields thermodynamically rigorous results. It is particularly well suited to studies of simultaneous binding of several proteins to a single nucleic acid. In studies of the lac repressor-operator interaction, we found that binding to the so-called third operator site (03) is 15-18 fold weaker than operator binding, and that the binding reactions with the first and third operators are uncoupled, implying that there is no communication between the sites. Pseudo-first order dissociation kinetics of the repressor-203 bp operator complex were found to be temperature sensitive, with delta E of 80 kcal mol-1 above 29 degrees C and 26 kcal mol-1 below. The half life of the complex (5 min at 21 degrees C) is shorter than that reported for very high molecular weight operator-containing DNAs, but longer than values reported for much shorter fragments. The binding of lac repressor core to DNA could not be detected by this technique: the maximum binding constant consistent with this finding is 10(5) M-1.

2,394 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Human oestrogen receptor cDNA: sequence, expression and homology to v-erb-A

[...]

Stephen Green1, P Walter1, Vijay Kumar1, Andrée Krust1, Jean-Marc Bornert1, Patrick Argos, Pierre Chambon1 •
French Institute of Health and Medical Research1
01 Mar 1986-Nature
TL;DR: Cloned and sequenced the complete complementary DNA of the oestrogen receptor (ER) present in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and found extensive homology between the ER and the erb-A protein of the oncogenic avian erythroblastosis virus.
Abstract: We have cloned and sequenced the complete complementary DNA of the oestrogen receptor (ER) present in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. The expression of the ER cDNA in HeLa cells produces a protein that has the same relative molecular mass and binds oestradiol with the same affinity as the MCF-7 ER. There is extensive homology between the ER and the erb-A protein of the oncogenic avian erythroblastosis virus.

2,324 citations

"Human CCAAT-binding proteins have h..." refers background in this paper

  • ...…D receptors has revealed conserved primary amino acid sequences in the DNA-binding domains ot these receptors (Hollengerg et al., 1985; Weinberger et al., 1985; Green et al., 1986; Loosfelt et al., 1986; Weinberger et al., 1986; Arriza et al., 1987; Petkovich et al., 1987; McDonnell et al., 1987)....

    [...]

Journal Article•DOI•
A human retinoic acid receptor which belongs to the family of nuclear receptors

[...]

Martin Petkovich1, N. Brand2, Andrée Krust2, Pierre Chambon2•
Centre national de la recherche scientifique1, French Institute of Health and Medical Research2
01 Dec 1987-Nature
TL;DR: The protein is homologous to the receptors for steroid hormones, thyroid hormones and vitamin D3, and appears to be a retinoic acid-inducible {Tans-acting enhancer factor, suggesting that the molecular mechanisms of the effect of vitamin A (vitamin A) on embryonic development, differentiation and tumour cell growth are similar to those described for other members of this nuclear receptor family.
Abstract: A cDNA encoding a protein that binds retinoic acid with high affinity has been cloned. The protein is homologous to the receptors for steroid hormones, thyroid hormones and vitamin D3, and appears to be a retinoic acid-inducible trans-acting enhancer factor, suggesting that the molecular mechanisms of the effect of retinoids (vitamin A) on embryonic development, differentiation and tumour cell growth are similar to those described for other members of this nuclear receptor family.

2,138 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
Cloning of human mineralocorticoid receptor complementary DNA: structural and functional kinship with the glucocorticoid receptor

[...]

Jeffrey L. Arriza1, Jeffrey L. Arriza2, Cary Weinberger1, Gail M. Cerelli1, Thomas M Glaser3, Barbara Handelin3, David E. Housman3, Ronald M. Evans1 •
Salk Institute for Biological Studies1, University of California, San Diego2, Massachusetts Institute of Technology3
17 Jul 1987-Science
TL;DR: Together the hMR and hGR provide unexpected functional diversity in which hormone-binding properties, target gene interactions, and patterns of tissue-specific expression may be used in a combinatorial fashion to achieve complex physiologic control.
Abstract: Low-stringency hybridization with human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) complementary DNA was used to isolate a new gene encoding a predicted 107-kilodalton polypeptide. Expression studies demonstrate its ability to bind aldosterone with high affinity and to activate gene transcription in response to aldosterone, thus establishing its identity as the human mineralocorticoid receptor (hMR). This molecule also shows high affinity for glucocorticoids and stimulates a glucocorticoid-responsive promoter. Together the hMR and hGR provide unexpected functional diversity in which hormone-binding properties, target gene interactions, and patterns of tissue-specific expression may be used in a combinatorial fashion to achieve complex physiologic control.

1,854 citations

"Human CCAAT-binding proteins have h..." refers background in this paper

  • ...…D receptors has revealed conserved primary amino acid sequences in the DNA-binding domains ot these receptors (Hollengerg et al., 1985; Weinberger et al., 1985; Green et al., 1986; Loosfelt et al., 1986; Weinberger et al., 1986; Arriza et al., 1987; Petkovich et al., 1987; McDonnell et al., 1987)....

    [...]

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Frequently Asked Questions (1)
Q1. What have the authors contributed in "Human ccaat-binding proteins have heterologous subunits" ?

The authors have characterized three distinct proteins present in HeLa cell extracts that specifically recognize different subsets of transcriptional elements containing the pentanucleotide sequence CCAAT. The authors thus propose the existence of a family of related multisubunit CCAAT-binding proteins that are composed of heterologous subunits.