Journal ArticleDOI
Human papillomavirus is a necessary cause of invasive cervical cancer worldwide.
Jan M. M. Walboomers,M. V. Jacobs,M. M. Manos,Franz X. Bosch,J. A. Kummer,Keerti V. Shah,Peter J.F. Snijders,Julian Peto,Chris J.L.M. Meijer,Nubia Muñoz +9 more
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TLDR
The presence of HPV in virtually all cervical cancers implies the highest worldwide attributable fraction so far reported for a specific cause of any major human cancer, and the rationale for HPV testing in addition to, or even instead of, cervical cytology in routine cervical screening.Abstract:
A recent report that 93 per cent of invasive cervical cancers worldwide contain human papillomavirus (HPV) may be an underestimate, due to sample inadequacy or integration events affecting the HPV L1 gene, which is the target of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based test which was used. The formerly HPV-negative cases from this study have therefore been reanalyzed for HPV serum antibodies and HPV DNA. Serology for HPV 16 VLPs, E6, and E7 antibodies was performed on 49 of the 66 cases which were HPV-negative and a sample of 48 of the 866 cases which were HPV-positive in the original study. Moreover, 55 of the 66 formerly HPV-negative biopsies were also reanalyzed by a sandwich procedure in which the outer sections in a series of sections are used for histological review, while the inner sections are assayed by three different HPV PCR assays targeting different open reading frames (ORFs). No significant difference was found in serology for HPV 16 proteins between the cases that were originally HPV PCR-negative and -positive. Type-specific E7 PCR for 14 high-risk HPV types detected HPV DNA in 38 (69 per cent) of the 55 originally HPV-negative and amplifiable specimens. The HPV types detected were 16, 18, 31, 33, 39, 45, 52, and 58. Two (4 per cent) additional cases were only HPV DNA-positive by E1 and/or L1 consensus PCR. Histological analysis of the 55 specimens revealed that 21 were qualitatively inadequate. Only two of the 34 adequate samples were HPV-negative on all PCR tests, as against 13 of the 21 that were inadequate ( p< 0.001). Combining the data from this and the previous study and excluding inadequate specimens, the worldwide HPV prevalence in cervical carcinomas is 99.7 per cent. The presence of HPV in virtually all cervical cancers implies the highest worldwide attributable fraction so far reported for a specific cause of any major human cancer. The extreme rarity of HPV-negative cancers reinforces the rationale for HPV testing in addition to, or even instead of, cervical cytology in routine cervical screening.read more
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Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries
Freddie Bray,Jacques Ferlay,Isabelle Soerjomataram,Rebecca L. Siegel,Lindsey A. Torre,Ahmedin Jemal +5 more
TL;DR: A status report on the global burden of cancer worldwide using the GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates of cancer incidence and mortality produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, with a focus on geographic variability across 20 world regions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries.
Hyuna Sung,Jacques Ferlay,Rebecca L. Siegel,Mathieu Laversanne,Isabelle Soerjomataram,Ahmedin Jemal,Freddie Bray +6 more
TL;DR: The GLOBOCAN 2020 estimates of cancer incidence and mortality produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as mentioned in this paper show that female breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases (11.7%), followed by lung cancer, colorectal (11 4.4%), liver (8.3%), stomach (7.7%) and female breast (6.9%), and cervical cancer (5.6%) cancers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epidemiologic Classification of Human Papillomavirus Types Associated with Cervical Cancer
Nubia Muñoz,F. Xavier Bosch,Silvia de Sanjosé,Rolando Herrero,Xavier Castellsagué,Keerti V. Shah,Peter J.F. Snijders,Chris J.L.M. Meijer +7 more
TL;DR: In addition to HPV types 16 and 18, types 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, 73, and 82Should be considered carcinogenic, or high-risk, types, and types 26, 53, and 66 should be considered probably carcinogenic.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mutational heterogeneity in cancer and the search for new cancer-associated genes
Michael S. Lawrence,Petar Stojanov,Petar Stojanov,Paz Polak,Paz Polak,Paz Polak,Gregory V. Kryukov,Gregory V. Kryukov,Gregory V. Kryukov,Kristian Cibulskis,Andrey Sivachenko,Scott L. Carter,Chip Stewart,Craig H. Mermel,Craig H. Mermel,Steven A. Roberts,Adam Kiezun,Peter S. Hammerman,Peter S. Hammerman,Aaron McKenna,Aaron McKenna,Yotam Drier,Lihua Zou,Alex H. Ramos,Trevor J. Pugh,Trevor J. Pugh,Nicolas Stransky,Elena Helman,Elena Helman,Jaegil Kim,Carrie Sougnez,Lauren Ambrogio,Elizabeth Nickerson,Erica Shefler,Maria L. Cortes,Daniel Auclair,Gordon Saksena,Douglas Voet,Michael S. Noble,Daniel DiCara,Pei Lin,Lee Lichtenstein,David I. Heiman,Timothy Fennell,Marcin Imielinski,Marcin Imielinski,Bryan Hernandez,Eran Hodis,Eran Hodis,Sylvan C. Baca,Sylvan C. Baca,Austin M. Dulak,Austin M. Dulak,Jens G. Lohr,Jens G. Lohr,Dan A. Landau,Dan A. Landau,Dan A. Landau,Catherine J. Wu,Jorge Melendez-Zajgla,Alfredo Hidalgo-Miranda,Amnon Koren,Amnon Koren,Steven A. McCarroll,Steven A. McCarroll,Jaume Mora,Ryan S. Lee,Ryan S. Lee,Brian D. Crompton,Brian D. Crompton,Robert C. Onofrio,Melissa Parkin,Wendy Winckler,Kristin G. Ardlie,Stacey Gabriel,Charles W. M. Roberts,Charles W. M. Roberts,Jaclyn A. Biegel,Kimberly Stegmaier,Kimberly Stegmaier,Kimberly Stegmaier,Adam J. Bass,Adam J. Bass,Levi A. Garraway,Levi A. Garraway,Matthew Meyerson,Matthew Meyerson,Todd R. Golub,Dmitry A. Gordenin,Shamil R. Sunyaev,Shamil R. Sunyaev,Shamil R. Sunyaev,Eric S. Lander,Eric S. Lander,Eric S. Lander,Gad Getz,Gad Getz +96 more
TL;DR: A fundamental problem with cancer genome studies is described: as the sample size increases, the list of putatively significant genes produced by current analytical methods burgeons into the hundreds and the list includes many implausible genes, suggesting extensive false-positive findings that overshadow true driver events.
Journal ArticleDOI
The causal relation between human papillomavirus and cervical cancer
TL;DR: It is the right time for medical societies and public health regulators to consider the causal role of human papillomavirus infections in cervical cancer and to define its preventive and clinical implications.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
TL;DR: This timely monograph is a distillation of knowledge of hepatitis B, C and D, based on a review of 1000 studies by a small group of scientists, and it is concluded that hepatitis D virus cannot be classified as a human carcinogen.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus in Cervical Cancer: a Worldwide Perspective
Francesc Xavier Bosch,M. M. Manos,Nubia Muñoz,Mark E. Sherman,Angela M. Jansen,Julian Peto,Mark Schiffman,Victor Moreno,Robert J. Kurman,Keerti V. Shah +9 more
TL;DR: The results confirm the role of genitalHPVs, which are transmitted sexually, as the central etiologic factor in cervical cancer worldwide and suggest that most genital HPVs are associated with cancer, at least occasionally.
Journal ArticleDOI
Structure and transcription of human papillomavirus sequences in cervical carcinoma cells
Elisabeth Schwarz,U K Freese,Lutz Gissmann,Wolfgang Mayer,Birgit Roggenbuck,Armin Stremlau,Harald zur Hausen +6 more
TL;DR: It is found that the HPV 18 DNA is integrated into the cellular genome and is amplified in HeLa and 756 cells, and some of the transcripts are composed of HPV 18 and cellular sequences.
Journal ArticleDOI
The use of general primers GP5 and GP6 elongated at their 3' ends with adjacent highly conserved sequences improves human papillomavirus detection by PCR.
Ana-Maria de Roda Husman,Jan M. M. Walboomers,Adriaan J. C. van den Brule,Chris J.L.M. Meijer,Peter J.F. Snijders +4 more
TL;DR: The data indicate that the GP5+/6+ PCR method provides an increased detection level mainly of uncommon, apparently poorly matched HPV types in cervical scrapes and most likely in the enlargement of the spectrum of HPVs detectable by this assay.
Journal ArticleDOI
Analysis of the physical state of different human papillomavirus DNAs in intraepithelial and invasive cervical neoplasm.
TL;DR: It is indicated that detectable integration of HPV DNA, regardless of type, occurs infrequently in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and the absence of HPV 16 DNA integration in some carcinomas implies that integration is not always required for malignant progression.