Hybrid AC/DC solar powered net zero energy home
05 Mar 2015-pp 1-9
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a hybrid AC/DC solar powered net zero energy home which has higher reliability efficiency and less harmonics and the hardware prototype is built for lesser power rating for validation of the results.
Abstract: The past decade has witnessed the unprecedented evolution and growth of renewable energy worldwide. There has been a substantial increase in the capacity and production of all renewable technologies and also growth in supporting policies. The penetration of solar power using Photo voltaic is increased exponentially in the last decade due its low cost, longer life and low maintenance compared to trap energy from other renewable sources. Though, there are a number of houses already have rooftop solar PV but it is also expected that it will increase to a significant level and a number of houses to reduce the electricity consumption from the grid; and among them many houses could be able to inject surplus power back to grid to reduce demand as well as to earn some incentives. This paper proposes a Hybrid AC/DC solar powered net zero energy home which have higher reliability efficiency and less harmonics. The modelling and simulation of roof top solar home is done in the Matlab/Simulink environment. The hardware prototype is built for lesser power rating for validation of the results.
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TL;DR: Simulation results show that real-time pricing is more economical than flat rate tariff for a house without DG, whereas flat rate results are more economical when DG are involved in nanogrids.
Abstract: This paper addresses the use of nanogrid technology in resolving the issue of blanket load shedding for domestic consumers. This is accomplished by using different load management techniques and load classification and utilizing maximum solar energy. The inclusion of DC-based load in basic load and DC inverter load in regular load and scheduling of the burst load during the hours of maximum solar PV generation bring novelty in this work. The term “nanogrid” as a power structure remains ambiguous in various publications so far. An effort has been done in this paper to present a concise definition of nanogrid. Demand side load management is one of the key features of nanogrid, which enables end users to know major characteristics about their energy consumption during peak and off-peak hours. A microgrid option with nanogrid facility results in a more reliable system with overall improvement in efficiency and reduction in carbon emission. PV plants produce DC power; when used directly, the loss will automatically be minimized to 16%. The AC/DC hybrid nanogrid exhibits 63% more efficiency as compared to AC-only nanogrid and nearly 18% more efficiency as compared to DC-only nanogrid. Smart load shifting smoothens the demand curve 54% more adequately than during conventional load shifting. Simulation results show that real-time pricing is more economical than flat rate tariff for a house without DG, whereas flat rate results are more economical when DG are involved in nanogrids. 12.67%-21.46% saving is achieved if only flat rates are used for DG in nanogrid instead of real-time pricing.
8 citations
Cites background from "Hybrid AC/DC solar powered net zero..."
...In [6], it is presented to reduce both AC and DC power for hybrid implementation in the grid-tied system for developed countries....
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...The proposed schemes as presented in [6, 10] are very much suitable for developed countries where availability of continuous power is not an issue....
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...In summer, normal revolving load shedding for air conditioning facility may be used through smart circuit breakers [6]....
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01 Aug 2016
TL;DR: Generation-Demand gap in power system is mitigated by using small scale roof top solar power generation with the help of distributed controllers and hence improving the reliability and efficiency of the power system.
Abstract: The demand for uninterrupted power supply is making the world look for alternate energy resources at affordable price. Small scale and localised hybrid energy sources such as solar power, biomass and small scale wind power generators will aid in sustaining the energy in main grid due to hyperbolic increase in energy demand. For better efficient system and to reduce complexity in operation and control, the islanding operation of microgrid is preferred. VLSI techniques have made it possible to develop competitive power converters for reliable Low-Voltage DC (LVDC) distribution networks. The latest development is Hybrid grid which is more efficient than individual DC or AC microgrid. This paper is proposed to achieve energy sustainability by using efficient grid-connected roof top solar panel with hybrid AC/DC grid. Generation-Demand gap in power system is mitigated by using small scale roof top solar power generation with the help of distributed controllers and hence improving the reliability and efficiency of the power system.
7 citations
Cites background from "Hybrid AC/DC solar powered net zero..."
...Hybrid grid with proper control of interfacing power converters adds on to reliability and efficiency of the power system [12-14]....
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...Therefore the advantages of AC and DC grids were merged to have hybrid AC/DC grid[12]....
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6 citations
01 Sep 2016
TL;DR: In this article, a solar photovoltaic integration on locomotive roof tops for South African Railway industry is reported to minimize the electricity consumed by Transnet Freight Rail, a division of Transnet SOC.
Abstract: This paper reports on solar photovoltaic integration on locomotive roof tops for South African Railway industry. The notion is to minimize the electricity consumed by Transnet Freight Rail, a division of Transnet SOC. The operational route is chosen based on the geographical mapping of high temperatures in the country. Solar PV intended to be used will have the capability to withstand the South African Railway environmental conditions and operational requirements. The motivation for this study is the annual increase in demand of cargo transportation, which leads to high cost involved in annual upgrading of Traction Substations to meet the demand. Due to high demand of cargo transportation, high congestion of trains causes Traction Substations overload. Hence the section trips and delays of trains are experienced. While the renewable energy offers a clean and cheaper energy supply, it is of practical importance to investigate the applicability of solar PV systems that can generate enough energy to supply AC and DC Electrical Locomotives and other auxiliary components such as blowers, lights, motors and control circuits in South Africa. The main purpose is not to eliminate the conventional energy supply entirely but to integrate the solar PV as an alternative energy supply to mitigate the overloading of Traction Substation, hence reducing the energy consumed and transporting more tonnages to meet the demand and aligning with the Market Demand Strategy of Transnet freight Rail of being rated the top five freight company in the world.
6 citations
Cites background from "Hybrid AC/DC solar powered net zero..."
...00 ©2016 IEEE longer life and low maintenance as compared to trap energy from other renewable sources [7]....
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References
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TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive review of the MPPT techniques applied to photovoltaic (PV) power system available until January, 2012 is provided, which is intended to serve as a convenient reference for future MPPT users in PV systems. But, confusion lies while selecting a MPPT as every technique has its own merits and demerits.
Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive review of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques applied to photovoltaic (PV) power system available until January, 2012. A good number of publications report on different MPPT techniques for a PV system together with implementation. But, confusion lies while selecting a MPPT as every technique has its own merits and demerits. Hence, a proper review of these techniques is essential. Unfortunately, very few attempts have been made in this regard, excepting two latest reviews on MPPT [Salas, 2006], [Esram and Chapman, 2007]. Since, MPPT is an essential part of a PV system, extensive research has been revealed in recent years in this field and many new techniques have been reported to the list since then. In this paper, a detailed description and then classification of the MPPT techniques have made based on features, such as number of control variables involved, types of control strategies employed, types of circuitry used suitably for PV system and practical/commercial applications. This paper is intended to serve as a convenient reference for future MPPT users in PV systems.
1,584 citations
TL;DR: The assessment of future global oil production presented in the IEA's World Energy Outlook 2008 (WEO 2008) is divided in to 6 fractions; four relate to crude oil, one to non-conventional oil, and t....
351 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that a new electric power production industry is emerging, and that it will rely on a broad array of new technologies, such as internal combustion engine generators, fuel cells and microturbines.
Abstract: As the electric utility industry continues to restructure, driven both by rapidly evolving regulatory environments and by market forces, the emergence of a number of new generation technologies also profoundly influences the industry's outlook. While it is certainly true that government public policies and regulations have played a major role in the rapidly growing rate at which distributed generation is penetrating the market, it is also the case that a number of technologies have reached a development stage allowing for large-scale implementation within existing electric utility systems. At the onset of any discussion related to distributed generation, one question begs to be answered: is the fact that electric power producing facilities are distributed actually a new and revolutionary concept? Have power plants not always been located across broad expanses of land? The answer to these questions clearly is that electric power plants have always been sited all across the service territories of the utilities owning them. Hence, the opening question: as with many so-called innovations that have been put forward during the recent past, is the entire concept of distributed generation a simple semantic marketing hype or are we actually at the dawn of a new electric power generation era? We believe that a new electric power production industry is emerging, and that it will rely on a broad array of new technologies. This article sets the stage for distributed generation covering such topics as: the present power production situation; what distributed generation is; capability ratings and system interfaces; market penetration of internal combustion engine generators, fuel cells and microturbines; potential generation mix issues, network considerations including power quality, reactive power coordination, reliability and reserve margin, reliability, network redundancy, safety and accountability; public policy and regulatory impact; and standards.
342 citations
TL;DR: Most discussions about ac versus dc electricity include a retelling of the famous technical and commercial battle between Edison and Westinghouse/Tesla as mentioned in this paper, a story about everything from electrocuting elephants at state fairs to the ambitious work of electrifying both urban and rural America.
Abstract: Most discussions about ac versus dc electricity include a retelling of the famous technical and commercial battle between Edison and Westinghouse/Tesla. It's a story about everything from electrocuting elephants at state fairs to the ambitious work of electrifying both urban and rural America. It's the tale of one of man's greatest engineering feats. It tells of a centralized power generation system based on the dominant use of incandescent light bulbs and ac constant-speed motors. In the end though, it is a retelling of history and unfortunately, it is a history that doesn't project.
239 citations
"Hybrid AC/DC solar powered net zero..." refers background in this paper
...Patterson B, [9] has proposed the DC micro grid, its advantages and challenges of making a complete DC home micro grid....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the potential for net-metered residences with on-site photovoltaics (PV) by modeling the net power draw of a "direct-DC house" compared to that of a typical netmetered house with AC distribution, assuming identical DC-internal loads.
142 citations
"Hybrid AC/DC solar powered net zero..." refers background in this paper
...There is a 33 % saving when the AC equipment are replaced with DC equipment [11]....
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