Hybrid entrepreneurs’ self-efficacy and persistence change: A longitudinal exploration
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the longitudinal relationship between self-efficacy and persistence for hybrid entrepreneurs and find evidence that entrepreneurial selfefficacy predicts entrepreneurial persistence change over time, and model how changes in ESE over time affect changes in entrepreneurial persistence.
About: This article is published in Journal of Business Venturing Insights.The article was published on 2019-11-01. It has received 20 citations till now.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focused on entrepreneurial alertness, which has been found to play a role in the start of entrepreneurship, and found that recognition of potentially valuable business opportunities is often the starting point of entrepreneurship.
Abstract: Recognition of potentially valuable business opportunities is often the start of entrepreneurship. The present research focused on entrepreneurial alertness, which has been found to play a role in ...
33 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the factors influencing college students' intention to start a business and found that the development and promotion of entrepreneurial behavior is an important ingredient in developing entrepreneurship ventures.
Abstract: The development and promotion of entrepreneurial behavior is an important ingredient in developing entrepreneurship ventures. This study examined the factors influencing college students’ intention...
18 citations
Cites result from "Hybrid entrepreneurs’ self-efficacy..."
...Previous studies have also confirmed in line with our findings that entrepreneurial self-efficacy is directly associated with entrepreneurial intention (Ciuchta & Finch, 2019; Doanh & Bernat, 2019; Greene & Brush, 2018; Pollack et al., 2019)....
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TL;DR: In this article, a longitudinal panel of new employment opportunity seekers was used to find that employment status matters and that "parallel search" for a new job is detrimental to successful entrepreneurial entry.
11 citations
7 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined how entrepreneurial self-efficacy and self-perceived employability (SPE) affect students' choice of an entrepreneurial career path and found that SPE was positively associated with the intention to engage in hybrid entrepreneurship but negatively associated with engaging in full-time entrepreneurship.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine how entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and self-perceived employability (SPE) affect students' choice of an entrepreneurial career path.,A survey approach was used to gather data from 274 final year undergraduate students at a South African university. The study made use of partial least squares (PLS) structural equation model (SEM) analyses to test the hypothesized associations.,ESE was positively associated with the intention to engage in both a full-time and a hybrid entrepreneurial career path. Also, SPE was positively associated with the intention to engage in hybrid entrepreneurship but negatively associated with engaging in full-time entrepreneurship. Additionally, the effect of ESE on the intention to engage in hybrid entrepreneurship was significantly moderated by SPE, such that the effect was more pronounced for students with a high SPE.,Data were gathered only from one South African university and as such there is a need for similar studies to improve the generalizability of the findings. Also, the measures for ESE and SPE used in the present study are not the only ones available. Thus, future studies are encouraged to use alternative measures to further assess the robustness of the proposed associations.,The arguments and the subsequent findings of this study indicate a new line of convergence for the popular but disjointed literature on ESE and SPE.
6 citations
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: Copyright (©) 1999–2012 R Foundation for Statistical Computing; permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and permission notice are preserved on all copies.
Abstract: Copyright (©) 1999–2012 R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the R Core Team.
272,030 citations
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01 Jan 1997TL;DR: SelfSelf-Efficacy (SE) as discussed by the authors is a well-known concept in human behavior, which is defined as "belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to produce given attainments".
Abstract: Albert Bandura and the Exercise of Self-Efficacy Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control Albert Bandura. New York: W. H. Freeman (www.whfreeman.com). 1997, 604 pp., $46.00 (hardcover). Enter the term "self-efficacy" in the on-line PSYCLIT database and you will find over 2500 articles, all of which stem from the seminal contributions of Albert Bandura. It is difficult to do justice to the immense importance of this research for our theories, our practice, and indeed for human welfare. Self-efficacy (SE) has proven to be a fruitful construct in spheres ranging from phobias (Bandura, Jeffery, & Gajdos, 1975) and depression (Holahan & Holahan, 1987) to career choice behavior (Betz & Hackett, 1986) and managerial functioning (Jenkins, 1994). Bandura's Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control is the best attempt so far at organizing, summarizing, and distilling meaning from this vast and diverse literature. Self-Efficacy may prove to be Bandura's magnum opus. Dr. Bandura has done an impressive job of summarizing over 1800 studies and papers, integrating these results into a coherent framework, and detailing implications for theory and practice. While incorporating prior works such as Social Learning Theory (Bandura, 1977) and "Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency" (Bandura, 1982), Self-Efficacy extends these works by describing results of diverse new research, clarifying and extending social cognitive theory, and fleshing out implications of the theory for groups, organizations, political bodies, and societies. Along the way, Dr. Bandura masterfully contrasts social cognitive theory with many other theories of human behavior and helps chart a course for future research. Throughout, B andura' s clear, firm, and self-confident writing serves as the perfect vehicle for the theory he espouses. Self-Efficacy begins with the most detailed and clear explication of social cognitive theory that I have yet seen, and proceeds to delineate the nature and sources of SE, the well-known processes via which SE mediates human behavior, and the development of SE over the life span. After laying this theoretical groundwork, subsequent chapters delineate the relevance of SE to human endeavor in a variety of specific content areas including cognitive and intellectual functioning; health; clinical problems including anxiety, phobias, depression, eating disorders, alcohol problems, and drug abuse; athletics and exercise activity; organizations; politics; and societal change. In Bandura's words, "Perceived self-efficacy refers to beliefs in one's capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to produce given attainments" (p. 3). People's SE beliefs have a greater effect on their motivation, emotions, and actions than what is objectively true (e.g., actual skill level). Therefore, SE beliefs are immensely important in choice of behaviors (including occupations, social relationships, and a host of day-to-day behaviors), effort expenditure, perseverance in pursuit of goals, resilience to setbacks and problems, stress level and affect, and indeed in our ways of thinking about ourselves and others. Bandura affirms many times that humans are proactive and free as well as determined: They are "at least partial architects of their own destinies" (p. 8). Because SE beliefs powerfully affect human behaviors, they are a key factor in human purposive activity or agency; that is, in human freedom. Because humans shape their environment even as they are shaped by it, SE beliefs are also pivotal in the construction of our social and physical environments. Bandura details over two decades of research confirming that SE is modifiable via mastery experiences, vicarious learning, verbal persuasion, and interpretation of physiological states, and that modified SE strongly and consistently predicts outcomes. SE beliefs, then, are central to human self-determination. STRENGTHS One major strength of Self-Efficacy is Bandura's ability to deftly dance from forest to trees and back again to forest, using specific, human examples and concrete situations to highlight his major theoretical premises, to which he then returns. …
46,839 citations
"Hybrid entrepreneurs’ self-efficacy..." refers background in this paper
...Bandura and others argue for the importance of domain-related self-efficacy beliefs and domain-related motivational outcomes (Bandura, 1997; Tierney & Farmer, 2002)....
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...Furthermore, since Bandura and others emphasized the domain-specificity of self- efficacy beliefs and motivational outcomes (Bandura, 1997; Tierney & Farmer, 2002), our work embedded within the context of hybrid entrepreneurship is an illuminating exploration at the intersection of entrepreneurship…...
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors draw upon previous research conducted in the different social science disciplines and applied fields of business to create a conceptual framework for the field of entrepreneurship, and predict a set of outcomes not explained or predicted by conceptual frameworks already in existence in other fields.
Abstract: To date, the phenomenon of entrepreneurship has lacked a conceptual framework. In this note we draw upon previous research conducted in the different social science disciplines and applied fields of business to create a conceptual framework for the field. With this framework we explain a set of empirical phenomena and predict a set of outcomes not explained or predicted by conceptual frameworks already in existence in other fields.
11,161 citations
TL;DR: The principles of the method and how to impute categorical and quantitative variables, including skewed variables, are described and shown and the practical analysis of multiply imputed data is described, including model building and model checking.
Abstract: Multiple imputation by chained equations is a flexible and practical approach to handling missing data. We describe the principles of the method and show how to impute categorical and quantitative variables, including skewed variables. We give guidance on how to specify the imputation model and how many imputations are needed. We describe the practical analysis of multiply imputed data, including model building and model checking. We stress the limitations of the method and discuss the possible pitfalls. We illustrate the ideas using a data set in mental health, giving Stata code fragments. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
6,349 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a Bayesian approach to hypothesis testing, model selection, and accounting for model uncertainty is presented, which is straightforward through the use of the simple and accurate BIC approximation, and it can be done using the output from standard software.
Abstract: It is argued that P-values and the tests based upon them give unsatisfactory results, especially in large samples. It is shown that, in regression, when there are many candidate independent variables, standard variable selection procedures can give very misleading results. Also, by selecting a single model, they ignore model uncertainty and so underestimate the uncertainty about quantities of interest. The Bayesian approach to hypothesis testing, model selection, and accounting for model uncertainty is presented. Implementing this is straightforward through the use of the simple and accurate BIC approximation, and it can be done using the output from standard software. Specific results are presented for most of the types of model commonly used in sociology. It is shown that this approach overcomes the difficulties with P-values and standard model selection procedures based on them. It also allows easy comparison of nonnested models, and permits the quantification of the evidence for a null hypothesis of interest, such as a convergence theory or a hypothesis about societal norms.
6,100 citations
"Hybrid entrepreneurs’ self-efficacy..." refers background or methods in this paper
...To more clearly assess model fit, the model BIC value was approximately -10, thus indicating a strong preference for this model over the saturated model (Raftery, 1995)....
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...Instead, the BIC value indicated a negative value (i.e., below -10), which indicated a very strong preference for this model over the saturated model (Bollen, Harden, Ray, & Zavisca, 2014; Raftery, 1995)....
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...below -10), which indicated a very strong preference for this model over the saturated model (Bollen, Harden, Ray, & Zavisca, 2014; Raftery, 1995)....
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