Hybrid modelling approach for effective simulation of reactive pollutants like Ozone
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a hybrid model that concatenates the results of CMAQ (community multi-scale air quality model) as its deterministic component with statistical distribution model (based on the specific area category and timeframe) to predict the entire range of ground level ozone (GLO) concentrations.
About: This article is published in Atmospheric Environment.The article was published on 2013-12-01. It has received 14 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Statistical model & CMAQ.
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TL;DR: A comprehensive review on urban air quality management plan (UAQMP) is presented in this paper, where the authors identify the air quality control regions based on ambient air quality status and initiate a time bound program involving all stakeholders to develop UAQMPs.
281 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the impact of traffic intervention on ambient particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) through a combination of in-situ, satellite, and model data.
72 citations
Cites methods from "Hybrid modelling approach for effec..."
...…of different pollutants in the atmosphere and has been used for air quality research across the world and also in India (Chen et al., 2007; Sharma et al., 2016, 2013; Sokhi et al., 2016) The CMAQ model was fed with a baseline emission inventory for the Delhi–NCR region at a resolution of…...
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TL;DR: A review of performance evaluation and sensitivity analysis of photo-chemical transport models in order to assess the extent of application of these models and their predictive capability can be found in this article, which indicates that models tend to over-estimate the night-time GLO concentrations due to limited titration of GLO with NO within the model; dominance of contribution from far-off regional sources to average ozone concentration in the urban region and higher contribution of local sources during days of high ozone episodes; greater influence of NOx over VOC in export of ozone from urban regions due to shifting of
60 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that the deposition schemes that represent GI impacts in detail are complex, resource-intensive, and involve an abundant volume of input data, and an appropriate handling of GI characteristics in dispersion models is necessary for understanding the mechanism of air pollutant concentrations simulation in presence of GI at different spatial scales.
57 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, it is suggested that the correlation coefficieness between observed and simulated variates is not as good as observed variates, and that correlation can be improved.
Abstract: Traditional methods of evaluating geographic models by statistical comparisons between observed and simulated variates are criticized. In particular, it is suggested that the correlation coefficien...
3,761 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it is suggested that the correlation between model-predicted and observed data, commonly described by Pearson's productmoment correlation coefficient, is an insufficient and often misleading measure of accuracy, and a complement of difference and summary univariate indices is presented as the nucleus of a more informative, albeit fundamentally descriptive, approach to model evaluation.
Abstract: Quantitative approaches to the evaluation of model performance were recently examined by Fox (1981). His recommendations are briefly reviewed and a revised set of performance statistics is proposed. It is suggested that the correlation between model-predicted and observed data, commonly described by Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient, is an insufficient and often misleading measure of accuracy. A complement of difference and summary univariate indices is presented as the nucleus of a more informative, albeit fundamentally descriptive, approach to model evaluation. Two models that estimate monthly evapotranspiration are comparatively evaluated in order to illustrate how the recommended method(s) can be applied.
3,218 citations
TL;DR: The Models-3 CMAQ system as mentioned in this paper is a community multiscale air quality modeling system that includes a meteorological modeling system for the description of atmospheric states and motions, emission models for man-made and natural emissions that are injected into the atmosphere, and a chemistry-transport modelling system for simulation of the chemical transformation and fate.
Abstract: This article describes the governing equations, computational algorithms, and other components entering into the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system. This system has been designed to approach air quality as a whole by including state-ofthe-science capabilities for modeling multiple air quality issues, including tropospheric ozone, fine particles, acid deposition, and visibility degradation. CMAQ was also designed to have multiscale capabilities so that separate models were not needed for urban and regional scale air quality modeling. By making CMAQ a modeling system that addresses multiple pollutants and different spatial scales, it has a “one-atmosphere” perspective that combines the efforts of the scientific community. To implement multiscale capabilities in CMAQ, several issues (such as scalable atmospheric dynamics and generalized coordinates), which depend on the desired model resolution, are addressed. A set of governing equations for compressible nonhydrostatic atmospheres is available to better resolve atmospheric dynamics at smaller scales. Because CMAQ is designed to handle scale-dependent meteorological formulations and a large amount of flexibility, its governing equations are expressed in a generalized coordinate system. This approach ensures consistency between CMAQ and the meteorological modeling system. The generalized coordinate system determines the necessary grid and coordinate transformations, and it can accommodate various vertical coordinates and map projections. The CMAQ modeling system simulates various chemical and physical processes that are thought to be important for understanding atmospheric trace gas transformations and distributions. The modeling system contains three types of modeling components (Models-3): a meteorological modeling system for the description of atmospheric states and motions, emission models for man-made and natural emissions that are injected into the atmosphere, and a chemistry-transport modeling system for simulation of the chemical transformation and fate. The chemical transport model includes the following process modules: horizontal advection, vertical advection, mass conservation adjustments for advection processes, horizontal diffusion, vertical diffusion, gas-phase chemical reactions and solvers, photolytic rate computation, aqueous-phase reactions and cloud mixing, aerosol dynamics, size distributions and chemistry, plume chemistry effects, and gas and aerosol deposition velocity estimation. This paper describes the Models-3 CMAQ system, its governing equations, important science algorithms, and a few application examples. This review article cites 114 references. DOI: 10.1115/1.2128636
1,993 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a set of difference measures are used to evaluate the operational performance of a wide spectrum of geophysical models, regardless of whether the model predictions are manifested as scalars, directions, or vectors.
Abstract: Procedures that may be used to evaluate the operational performance of a wide spectrum of geophysical models are introduced. Primarily using a complementary set of difference measures, both model accuracy and precision can be meaningfully estimated, regardless of whether the model predictions are manifested as scalars, directions, or vectors. It is additionally suggested that the reliability of the accuracy and precision measures can be determined from bootstrap estimates of confidence and significance. Recommended procedures are illustrated with a comparative evaluation of two models that estimate wind velocity over the South Atlantic Bight.
1,832 citations
TL;DR: Application to the evaluation of several data sets shows that the new metrics overcome concerns with the conventional metrics and provide useful measures of model performance.
246 citations