Hybridization of different antisense oligonucleotides on the surface of gold nanoparticles to silence zinc metalloproteinase gene after uptake by Leishmania major
01 May 2015-Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces (Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces)-Vol. 129, pp 107-113
TL;DR: It could be concluded that both sequence and size of antisense oligonucleotide were important for transfection of L. major and hybridized gold nanoparticles not only could silence GP63 gene, but also could kill L.major.
About: This article is published in Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces.The article was published on 2015-05-01. It has received 16 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Oligonucleotide & Colloidal gold.
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TL;DR: A review in gold nanoparticles focusing on chemical reduction synthesis mechanisms is presented in this paper, where the most commonly used synthesis methods are: Turkevich Method, NaBH4 with/without citrate, Seeding-Growth, Synthesis by Ascorbic Acid, Green Synthesis, Brust-Schiffrin, and synthesis using other reducing agents.
244 citations
TL;DR: The information available on the antiparasitic role of Au NPs in the fight against malaria, leishmaniosis, toxoplasmosis, trypanosomiasis, cryptosporidiosis, and microsporidian parasites affecting human and animals health is summarized.
97 citations
Tehran University of Medical Sciences1, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services2, Golestan University3, University of Gilan4, Zabol University5, Islamic Azad University6, Tarbiat Modares University7, Zabol University of Medical Sciences8, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services9, Iran University of Medical Sciences10, Princeton University11
TL;DR: It was showed that F GNs and doxorubicin led to more cell death compared with NGNs and GNFSONs (P<0.05), and all concentrations of FGNs led to a decrease in gene expression, as an important finding.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate an engineered nanostructure to silence five important oncogenes, including BAG1, MDM2, Bcl-2, BIRC5 (survivin) and XIAP, in acute myeloid leukemia subtype 2 (AML-M2). The smart nanostructures were functionalized gold nanoparticles (FGNs) containing five antisense oligonucleotides (AOs) and one anti-CD33(+)/CD34(+) aptamer. First, the best AO for each gene was selected with the OligoWalk online software, and then different arrangements of AOs were evaluated with the RNAstructure software. Thereafter, naked gold nanoparticles (NGNs) were synthesized by the reaction of 1000 mm HAuCl4 with 10 μg ml(-1) ascorbic acid. Next, five AOs and one anti-CD33(+)/CD34(+) aptamer were attached to NGNs through serial reactions. Later, 5 ml of heparinized blood samples from five AML-M2 patients were prepared, cancerous cells were isolated and then incubated with three concentrations (75, 150 and 300 μg ml(-1)) each of FGNs, NGNs, gold nanoparticles functionalized with scrambled oligonucleotides (GNFSONs) and doxorubicin. Finally, cell death percentage and gene expressions were measured by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and real-time PCR, respectively. This study showed that FGNs and doxorubicin led to more cell death compared with NGNs and GNFSONs (P<0.05). Interestingly, all concentrations of FGNs led to a decrease in gene expression. As an important finding, although all concentrations of doxorubicin could also inhibit the expression of genes, FGNs had more effect (P<0.05). Moreover, both NGNs and GNFSONs could silence all genes only at a concentration of 300 μg ml(-1). For BCL2 and XIAP, a dose-dependent pattern was observed, but there was no similar pattern for others.
19 citations
TL;DR: Nano-carbohydrates were used for different types of microarrays to detect proteins and nucleic acids and have received considerable attention for their application in powerful imaging, therapeutic, and biodiagnostic devices.
13 citations
Cites background from "Hybridization of different antisens..."
...Nanomaterials have unique optical, electronic, magnetic, and mechanical properties [20-21] These properties allow using for imaging, drug-delivery, and targeting tumor cells....
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TL;DR: Interestingly, MONPCG could silence Cpb and GP63 genes better than MgO NPs, and the capability was also seen at sub-toxic concentrations ofMONPCG.
12 citations
Cites background from "Hybridization of different antisens..."
...major expresses two important surface molecules, gp63 and Cpb [4-6]....
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References
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TL;DR: The advent of AuNP as a sensory element provided a broad spectrum of innovative approaches for the detection of metal ions, small molecules, proteins, nucleic acids, malignant cells, etc. in a rapid and efficient manner.
Abstract: Detection of chemical and biological agents plays a fundamental role in biomedical, forensic and environmental sciences1–4 as well as in anti bioterrorism applications.5–7 The development of highly sensitive, cost effective, miniature sensors is therefore in high demand which requires advanced technology coupled with fundamental knowledge in chemistry, biology and material sciences.8–13
In general, sensors feature two functional components: a recognition element to provide selective/specific binding with the target analytes and a transducer component for signaling the binding event. An efficient sensor relies heavily on these two essential components for the recognition process in terms of response time, signal to noise (S/N) ratio, selectivity and limits of detection (LOD).14,15 Therefore, designing sensors with higher efficacy depends on the development of novel materials to improve both the recognition and transduction processes. Nanomaterials feature unique physicochemical properties that can be of great utility in creating new recognition and transduction processes for chemical and biological sensors15–27 as well as improving the S/N ratio by miniaturization of the sensor elements.28
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) possess distinct physical and chemical attributes that make them excellent scaffolds for the fabrication of novel chemical and biological sensors (Figure 1).29–36 First, AuNPs can be synthesized in a straightforward manner and can be made highly stable. Second, they possess unique optoelectronic properties. Third, they provide high surface-to-volume ratio with excellent biocompatibility using appropriate ligands.30 Fourth, these properties of AuNPs can be readily tuned varying their size, shape and the surrounding chemical environment. For example, the binding event between recognition element and the analyte can alter physicochemical properties of transducer AuNPs, such as plasmon resonance absorption, conductivity, redox behavior, etc. that in turn can generate a detectable response signal. Finally, AuNPs offer a suitable platform for multi-functionalization with a wide range of organic or biological ligands for the selective binding and detection of small molecules and biological targets.30–32,36 Each of these attributes of AuNPs has allowed researchers to develop novel sensing strategies with improved sensitivity, stability and selectivity. In the last decade of research, the advent of AuNP as a sensory element provided us a broad spectrum of innovative approaches for the detection of metal ions, small molecules, proteins, nucleic acids, malignant cells, etc. in a rapid and efficient manner.37
Figure 1
Physical properties of AuNPs and schematic illustration of an AuNP-based detection system.
In this current review, we have highlighted the several synthetic routes and properties of AuNPs that make them excellent probes for different sensing strategies. Furthermore, we will discuss various sensing strategies and major advances in the last two decades of research utilizing AuNPs in the detection of variety of target analytes including metal ions, organic molecules, proteins, nucleic acids, and microorganisms.
3,879 citations
TL;DR: Gold nanorods were taken up to a lesser extent by the liver, had longer circulation time in the blood, and higher accumulation in the tumors, compared with their spherical counterparts.
456 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that there is little variation in unique gene content across Leishmania species, but large-scale genetic heterogeneity can result through gene amplification on disomic chromosomes and variation in chromosome number.
Abstract: Leishmania parasites cause a spectrum of clinical pathology in humans ranging from disfiguring cutaneous lesions to fatal visceral leishmaniasis. We have generated a reference genome for Leishmania mexicana and refined the reference genomes for Leishmania major, Leishmania infantum, and Leishmania braziliensis. This has allowed the identification of a remarkably low number of genes or paralog groups (2, 14, 19, and 67, respectively) unique to one species. These were found to be conserved in additional isolates of the same species. We have predicted allelic variation and find that in these isolates, L. major and L. infantum have a surprisingly low number of predicted heterozygous SNPs compared with L. braziliensis and L. mexicana. We used short read coverage to infer ploidy and gene copy numbers, identifying large copy number variations between species, with 200 tandem gene arrays in L. major and 132 in L. mexicana. Chromosome copy number also varied significantly between species, with nine supernumerary chromosomes in L. infantum, four in L. mexicana, two in L. braziliensis, and one in L. major. A significant bias against gene arrays on supernumerary chromosomes was shown to exist, indicating that duplication events occur more frequently on disomic chromosomes. Taken together, our data demonstrate that there is little variation in unique gene content across Leishmania species, but large-scale genetic heterogeneity can result through gene amplification on disomic chromosomes and variation in chromosome number. Increased gene copy number due to chromosome amplification may contribute to alterations in gene expression in response to environmental conditions in the host, providing a genetic basis for disease tropism.
397 citations
TL;DR: It is clear that AuNP morphology does affect adsorbed protein structure; a better understanding of these differences will be essential to engineer fully functional nanobioconjugates.
261 citations
TL;DR: This review paper provides the recent development on chitosan derivatives available for gene delivery and its applications including the interaction and intracellular delivery of genetic materials.
240 citations