Hydrodynamic elliptic and triangular flow in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76A TeV
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison of both elliptic and triangular flow from (2 + 1 ) -dimensional viscous fluid dynamics with recent measurements in Pb+Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) was conducted.
About: This article is published in Physics Letters B.The article was published on 2012-01-16 and is currently open access. It has received 198 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Elliptic flow & Quark–gluon plasma.
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TL;DR: In this article, collective flow, its anisotropies, and its event-to-event fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, as well as the extraction of the specific shear viscosity of quark-gluon plasma from collective flow data collected in heavy ion collision experiments at RHIC and the LHC are reviewed.
Abstract: We review collective flow, its anisotropies, and its event-to-event fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, as well as the extraction of the specific shear viscosity of quark–gluon plasma from collective flow data collected in heavy-ion collision experiments at RHIC and the LHC. We emphasize the similarities between the Big Bang of our universe and the Little Bangs created in heavy-ion collisions.
930 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, two-particle angular correlations for charged particles emitted in pPb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV are presented.
575 citations
Bergen University College1, University of Bergen2, Aligarh Muslim University3, Gangneung–Wonju National University4, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information5, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology6, University of Oslo7, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory8, Czech Technical University in Prague9, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic10, Yale University11, Panjab University, Chandigarh12, CERN13, Hungarian Academy of Sciences14, University of Bologna15, Goethe University Frankfurt16, Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre17, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research18, Kurchatov Institute19
TL;DR: In this paper, the ALICE detector was used to measure the correlations between charged trigger and associated particles in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV for transverse momentum ranges within 0.5 < P-T, P-assoc < P -T,Ptrig < 4 GeV/c.
548 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, measurements of two-and four-particle angular correlations for charged particles emitted in pPb collisions are presented over a wide range in pseudorapidity and full azimuth.
423 citations
TL;DR: The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN started operation with heavy-ion beams, colliding lead nuclei at a center-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV per nucleon as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: At the end of 2010, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN started operation with heavy-ion beams, colliding lead nuclei at a center-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV per nucleon. These collisions ushere...
382 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the production of mesons containing strange quarks (KS, φ) and both singly and doubly strange baryons (,, and − + +) are measured at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at √ s = 0.9 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC.
1,176 citations
"Hydrodynamic elliptic and triangula..." refers methods in this paper
...1: (a) (Color online) Centrality dependence of charged particle multiplicity density as a function of Npart from the MCGlauber (dashed) and MC-KLN (solid) models, compared with ALICE measurements [40] for 2....
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..., we determine κ and x by a two-parameter fit to the ALICE data [40] shown in Fig....
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...28 [19]; the normalization factor for the initial entropy density was fixed by hand to reproduce the measured charged hadron multiplicity density dNch/dη for the 5% most central collisions [39]; the measured dependence of dNch/dη on collision centrality [40] is then automatically reproduced reasonably well by the model [16] (see Fig....
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TL;DR: Relativistic viscous hydrodynamic fits to Brookhaven Rel ativistic Heavy Ion Collider data on the centrality dependence of multiplicity, transverse, and elliptic flow for square root s = 200 GeV Au+Au collisions seem to favor a much smaller viscosity over entropy ratio, below the bound from the anti-de Sitter conformal field theory conjecture.
Abstract: Relativistic viscous hydrodynamic fits to Brookhaven Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider data on the centrality dependence of multiplicity, transverse, and elliptic flow for square root s = 200 GeV Au+Au collisions are presented. For standard (Glauber-type) initial conditions, while data on the integrated elliptic flow coefficient v(2) are consistent with a ratio of viscosity over entropy density up to eta/s approximately 0.16, data on minimum bias v(2) seem to favor a much smaller viscosity over entropy ratio, below the bound from the anti-de Sitter conformal field theory conjecture. Some caveats on this result are discussed.
921 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the first measurement of charged particle elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN) p = 2.76 TeV with the ALICE detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider was performed in the central pseudorapidity region.
Abstract: We report the first measurement of charged particle elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN) p = 2.76 TeV with the ALICE detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The measurement is performed in the central pseudorapidity region (vertical bar eta vertical bar < 0.8) and transverse momentum range 0.2 < p(t) < 5.0 GeV/c. The elliptic flow signal v(2), measured using the 4-particle correlation method, averaged over transverse momentum and pseudorapidity is 0.087 +/- 0.002(stat) +/- 0.003(syst) in the 40%-50% centrality class. The differential elliptic flow v(2)(p(t)) reaches a maximum of 0.2 near p(t) = 3 GeV/c. Compared to RHIC Au-Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV, the elliptic flow increases by about 30%. Some hydrodynamic model predictions which include viscous corrections are in agreement with the observed increase.
652 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new set of equations for relativistic viscous hydrodynamics that captures both weak coupling and strong coupling physics to second order in gradients has been developed.
Abstract: A new set of equations for relativistic viscous hydrodynamics that captures both weak-coupling and strong-coupling physics to second order in gradients has been developed recently. We apply this framework to bulk physics at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), both for standard (Glauber-type) as well as for color-glass-condensate (CGC) initial conditions and show that the results do not depend strongly on the values for the second-order transport coefficients. Results for multiplicity, radial flow and elliptic flow are presented, and we quote the ratio of viscosity over entropy density for which our hydrodynamic model is consistent with experimental data. For CGC initial conditions, early thermalization does not seem to be required in order for hydrodynamics to describe charged hadron elliptic flow.
652 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce the concepts of participant triangularity and triangular flow in heavy-ion collisions, analogous to the definitions of participant eccentricity and elliptic flow, and show that triangular flow is present in data.
Abstract: We introduce the concepts of participant triangularity and triangular flow in heavy-ion collisions, analogous to the definitions of participant eccentricity and elliptic flow. The participant triangularity characterizes the triangular anisotropy of the initial nuclear overlap geometry and arises from event-by-event fluctuations in the participant-nucleon collision points. In studies using a multiphase transport model (AMPT), a triangular flow signal is observed that is proportional to the participant triangularity and corresponds to a large third Fourier coefficient in two-particle azimuthal correlation functions. Using two-particle azimuthal correlations at large pseudorapidity separations measured by the PHOBOS and STAR experiments, we show that this Fourier component is also present in data. Ratios of the second and third Fourier coefficients in data exhibit similar trends as a function of centrality and transverse momentum as in AMPT calculations. These findings suggest a significant contribution of triangular flow to the ridge and broad away-side features observed in data. Triangular flow provides a new handle on the initial collision geometry and collective expansion dynamics in heavy-ion collisions.
587 citations