Hydrodynamic Suppression of Soot Formation in Laminar Coflowing Jet Diffusion Flames. Appendix C
01 Jan 2000-
About: The article was published on 2000-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 27 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Diffusion flame & Laminar flow.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured two-dimensional soot volume fraction and particle size fields for the first time at elevated pressures in laminar nitrogen-diluted coflow diffusion flames at 4, 8, 12 and 16 meters.
57 citations
Cites background from "Hydrodynamic Suppression of Soot Fo..."
...While increasing coflow rate is expected to suppress soot formation [27], it is necessary to maintain flame stability at elevated pressures....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the formation, growth, and oxidation of soot are studied in a set of laminar coflow diffusion flames at pressures ranging from 1 to 8m.
33 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the surface temperature of laminar jet diffusion flames at atmospheric and elevated pressures was measured in flames at one, two, four, and eight atmospheres with both pure and diluted (using helium, argon, nitrogen, or carbon dioxide individually) ethylene fuels.
25 citations
15 Dec 2000
25 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the volumetric fuel flow and flame height were measured as a function of pressure to determine the functional relationship between these parameters and pressure, and the residence time, based on flame height and exit velocity, was also calculated as a nonmonotonic behavior, with a peak at lower pressures.
22 citations
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01 Jan 1955
TL;DR: The flow laws of the actual flows at high Reynolds numbers differ considerably from those of the laminar flows treated in the preceding part, denoted as turbulence as discussed by the authors, and the actual flow is very different from that of the Poiseuille flow.
Abstract: The flow laws of the actual flows at high Reynolds numbers differ considerably from those of the laminar flows treated in the preceding part. These actual flows show a special characteristic, denoted as turbulence. The character of a turbulent flow is most easily understood the case of the pipe flow. Consider the flow through a straight pipe of circular cross section and with a smooth wall. For laminar flow each fluid particle moves with uniform velocity along a rectilinear path. Because of viscosity, the velocity of the particles near the wall is smaller than that of the particles at the center. i% order to maintain the motion, a pressure decrease is required which, for laminar flow, is proportional to the first power of the mean flow velocity. Actually, however, one ob~erves that, for larger Reynolds numbers, the pressure drop increases almost with the square of the velocity and is very much larger then that given by the Hagen Poiseuille law. One may conclude that the actual flow is very different from that of the Poiseuille flow.
17,321 citations
TL;DR: The sooting behavior of laminar diffusion flames were altered by addition of diluents to the fuel flow as discussed by the authors, and the effect of water vapor, carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide in reducing the tendency to soot was purely thermal with no observable chemical interaction.
Abstract: The sooting behavior of laminar diffusion flames were altered by addition of diluents to the fuel flow. Fuel additives which decrease the sooting tendency had an effectiveness in order of their molar specific heat capacity; helium exhibited some exaggerated trends, probably due to its high thermal diffusivity. The effect of water vapor, carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide in reducing the tendency to soot was purely thermal with no observable chemical interaction. Trace amounts of oxidizers and halogenated compounds increased the sooting tendency substantially. Results from tests with blended fuels and fuel-hydrogen nitrogen mixtures in which the C/H ratio and temperature were controlled revealed that C/H ratio was not a dominant parameter in the sooting tendency. These results and temperature measurements provided evidence that the sooting behavior of a diffusion flame is controlled by the initial fuel pyrolysis which is dominated by the flame temperature and the field it causes. Since accurate ca...
265 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider the opportunities for enhanced fundamental combustion understanding from experiments where effects of buoyancy are eliminated, and the new challenges of fire safety considerations in non-buoyant (spacecraft) environments.
182 citations
TL;DR: In this article, two different categories of sooting flame structures can be classified depending on the relative transport of soot particles to flames, i.e., the soot formation-oxidation flame (SFOF) and the SOOT formation flame (SSFL).
161 citations