FIG. 9. Grooved flagellum model: Dependence of the phage translocation speed, U , on the ‘effective’ viscosity, ˆ̃µ (non-dimensionalised by the fluid viscosity µ). As µ̃ increases, the resistive part of the force from the motion of the fibres in the grooves increases, which slows down the phase and leads to a decrease of U .
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