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Journal ArticleDOI

Hydrogen production via a two-step water splitting thermochemical cycle based on metal oxide – A review

01 Jun 2020-Applied Energy (Elsevier)-Vol. 267, pp 114860
TL;DR: In this paper, the two-step thermochemical cycle with regard to reaction heat source, metal oxide characteristics, and chemical reactors was reviewed. And the possibility of achieving large-scale industrial production and the perspective on future material development were also analyzed.
About: This article is published in Applied Energy.The article was published on 2020-06-01. It has received 72 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Thermochemical cycle & Water splitting.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an overview of various technologies for hydrogen production from renewable and non-renewable resources, including fossil fuel or biomass-based hydrogen production, microbial hydrogen production and electrolysis and thermolysis of water and thermochemical cycles.

151 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A critical review of the fundamentals of Z-scheme photocatalysis, including both theoretical and experimental advancements in the field of photocatalytic water splitting, is given in this paper.
Abstract: Photocatalytic water splitting is considered one of the most important and appealing approaches for the production of green H2 to address the global energy demand. The utmost possible form of artificial photosynthesis is a two-step photoexcitation known as "Z-scheme", which mimics the natural photosystem. This process solely relies on the effective coupling and suitable band positions of semiconductors (SCs) and redox mediators for the purpose to catalyze the surface chemical reactions and significantly deter the backward reaction. In recent years, the Z-scheme strategies and their key role have been studied progressively through experimental approaches. In addition, theoretical studies based on density functional theory have provided detailed insight into the mechanistic aspects of some breathtakingly complex problems associated with hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction. In this context, this critical review gives an overview of the fundamentals of Z-scheme photocatalysis, including both theoretical and experimental advancements in the field of photocatalytic water splitting, and suggests future perspectives.

88 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed analysis of current studies aimed at improving the efficiency of photocatalytic systems by using 0D, 1D and 2D nanostructures is presented.

66 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , a review extensively analyzes the literature on fundamental, technological, and environmental aspects of various hydrogen applications and production techniques as well as theoretical and practical challenges in hydrogen energy-based systems.

43 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
23 Jan 2021
TL;DR: In this article, a review comprehensively gathers the state-of-the-art solid-state hydrogen storage technologies using nanostructured materials, involving nanoporous carbon materials, metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, porous aromatic frameworks, nanoporous organic polymers, and nanoscale hydrides.
Abstract: Hydrogen energy, with environment amicable, renewable, efficiency, and cost-effective advantages, is the future mainstream substitution of fossil-based fuel. However, the extremely low volumetric density gives rise to the main challenge in hydrogen storage, and therefore, exploring effective storage techniques is key hurdles that need to be crossed to accomplish the sustainable hydrogen economy. Hydrogen physically or chemically stored into nanomaterials in the solid-state is a desirable prospect for effective large-scale hydrogen storage, which has exhibited great potentials for applications in both reversible onboard storage and regenerable off-board storage applications. Its attractive points include safe, compact, light, reversibility, and efficiently produce sufficient pure hydrogen fuel under the mild condition. This review comprehensively gathers the state-of-art solid-state hydrogen storage technologies using nanostructured materials, involving nanoporous carbon materials, metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, porous aromatic frameworks, nanoporous organic polymers, and nanoscale hydrides. It describes significant advances achieved so far, and main barriers need to be surmounted to approach practical applications, as well as offers a perspective for sustainable energy research.

32 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an updated review on fast pyrolysis of biomass for production of a liquid usually referred to as bio-oil is provided, including the major reaction systems.
Abstract: This paper provides an updated review on fast pyrolysis of biomass for production of a liquid usually referred to as bio-oil. The technology of fast pyrolysis is described including the major reaction systems. The primary liquid product is characterised by reference to the many properties that impact on its use. These properties have caused increasingly extensive research to be undertaken to address properties that need modification and this area is reviewed in terms of physical, catalytic and chemical upgrading. Of particular note is the increasing diversity of methods and catalysts and particularly the complexity and sophistication of multi-functional catalyst systems. It is also important to see more companies involved in this technology area and increased take-up of evolving upgrading processes. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

3,727 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the up-to-date development of the above-mentioned technologies applied to TiO 2 photocatalytic hydrogen production is reviewed, based on the studies reported in the literature, metal ion-implantation and dye sensitization are very effective methods to extend the activating spectrum to the visible range.
Abstract: Nano-sized TiO 2 photocatalytic water-splitting technology has great potential for low-cost, environmentally friendly solar-hydrogen production to support the future hydrogen economy. Presently, the solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency is too low for the technology to be economically sound. The main barriers are the rapid recombination of photo-generated electron/hole pairs as well as backward reaction and the poor activation of TiO 2 by visible light. In response to these deficiencies, many investigators have been conducting research with an emphasis on effective remediation methods. Some investigators studied the effects of addition of sacrificial reagents and carbonate salts to prohibit rapid recombination of electron/hole pairs and backward reactions. Other research focused on the enhancement of photocatalysis by modification of TiO 2 by means of metal loading, metal ion doping, dye sensitization, composite semiconductor, anion doping and metal ion-implantation. This paper aims to review the up-to-date development of the above-mentioned technologies applied to TiO 2 photocatalytic hydrogen production. Based on the studies reported in the literature, metal ion-implantation and dye sensitization are very effective methods to extend the activating spectrum to the visible range. Therefore, they play an important role in the development of efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production.

3,714 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of technologies related to hydrogen production from both fossil and renewable biomass resources including reforming (steam, partial oxidation, autothermal, plasma, and aqueous phase) and pyrolysis is presented in this article.

2,673 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review article summarizes bio-hydrogen production from some waste materials, including cellulose and starch containing agricultural and food industry wastes and some food industry wastewaters.

1,569 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the state-of-the-art hydrogen production technologies using renewable and sustainable energy resources are presented, including supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of biomass is the most cost effective thermochemical process.
Abstract: Fossil fuel consumption in transportation system and energy-intensive sectors as the principal pillar of civilization is associated with progressive release of greenhouse gases. Hydrogen as a promising energy carrier is a perfect candidate to supply the energy demand of the world and concomitantly reduce toxic emissions. This article gives an overview of the state-of-the-art hydrogen production technologies using renewable and sustainable energy resources. Hydrogen from supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of biomass is the most cost effective thermochemical process. Highly moisturized biomass is utilized directly in SCWG without any high cost drying process. In SCWG, hydrogen is produced at high pressure and small amount of energy is required to pressurize hydrogen in the storage tank. Tar and char formation decreases drastically in biomass SCWG. The low efficiency of solar to hydrogen system as well as expensive photovoltaic cell are the most important barriers for the widespread commercial development of solar-based hydrogen production. Since electricity costs play a crucial role on the final hydrogen price, to generate carbon free hydrogen from solar and wind energy at a competitive price with fossil fuels, the electrical energy cost should be four times less than commercial electricity prices.

1,359 citations

Trending Questions (1)
How can iron oxide be used to produce hydrogen?

Iron-based oxides can be used as catalysts in a two-step thermochemical cycle for hydrogen production, involving thermal reduction and water splitting.