Identification and quantitation of protein S in human platelets
TL;DR: Human platelets contain protein S in alpha granules that can be released by thrombin stimulation, and the released protein S may bind to stimulated platelets and thereby promote and localize the anticoagulant activity of activated protein C on the platelet surface.
About: This article is published in Blood.The article was published on 1985-12-01 and is currently open access. It has received 116 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Protein S & Protein A/G.
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TL;DR: The role of alpha-granules in inflammation, atherosclerosis, antimicrobial host defense, wound healing, angiogenesis, and malignancy has become increasingly appreciated as the function of platelets in the pathophysiology of these processes has been defined.
901 citations
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TL;DR: The α-granule is a unique secretory organelle in that it exhibits further compartmentalization and acquires its protein content via two distinct mechanisms: (1) biosynthesis predominantly at the megakaryocyte (MK) level (with some vestigial platelet synthesis) and (2) endocytosis and pinocythosis at both the MK and circulating platelet levels (e.g. platelet factor 4) as discussed by the authors.
500 citations
TL;DR: Because platelet stimulation and stirring also had the same overall effects on the ability of platelets and platelet microparticles to promote prothrombin activation and factor Va inactivation, it appears likely that the generation of potential platelet anticoagULant and procoagulant activities is coupled to the same platelet stimulating reactions.
301 citations
263 citations
TL;DR: Among the known plasma protein deficiencies associated with venous thrombosis, protein S and protein C deficiencies emerge as the leading identifiable associated abnormalities.
Abstract: The frequency of heterozygous protein C and protein S deficiency, detected by measuring total plasma antigen, in a group (n = 141) of young unrelated patients (less than 45 years old) with venous thrombotic disease was studied and compared to that of antithrombin III, fibrinogen, and plasminogen deficiencies. Among 91 patients not receiving oral anticoagulants, six had low protein S antigen levels and one had a low protein C antigen level. Among 50 patients receiving oral anticoagulant therapy, abnormally low ratios of protein S or C to other vitamin K-dependent factors were presented by one patient for protein S and five for protein C. Thus, heterozygous Type I protein S deficiency appeared in seven of 141 patients (5%) and heterozygous Type I protein C deficiency in six of 141 patients (4%). Eleven of thirteen deficient patients had recurrent venous thrombosis. In this group of 141 patients, 1% had an identifiable fibrinogen abnormality, 2% a plasminogen abnormality, and 3% an antithrombin III deficiency. Thus, among the known plasma protein deficiencies associated with venous thrombosis, protein S and protein C deficiencies (9%) emerge as the leading identifiable associated abnormalities.
247 citations
References
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TL;DR: Using an improved method of gel electrophoresis, many hitherto unknown proteins have been found in bacteriophage T4 and some of these have been identified with specific gene products.
Abstract: Using an improved method of gel electrophoresis, many hitherto unknown proteins have been found in bacteriophage T4 and some of these have been identified with specific gene products. Four major components of the head are cleaved during the process of assembly, apparently after the precursor proteins have assembled into some large intermediate structure.
232,912 citations
1,860 citations
TL;DR: The incubation cocktail, termed BLOTTO (Bovine Lacto Transfer Technique Optimizer), is superior to bovine serum albumin or gelatin for preventing nonspecific absorption in Western blot analyses and does not require the use of detergents or chaotropic agents to effect efficient reduction of background.
1,725 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that the recurrent thrombotic disease in this family is due to an inherited deficiency in protein C, a potent in vitro anticoagulant enzyme and an in vivo profibrinolytic agent.
Abstract: A family with a history of recurring thrombosis was studied to determine if a plasma protein deficiency could account for the observed disease. Protein C levels in plasma were determined immunologically using the Laurell rocket technique. The propositus, his father, and his paternal uncle, who are severely affected, had 38-49% of normal levels of protein C antigen, whereas unaffected family members had normal levels. There was no familial deficiency of antithrombin III and plasminogen. Because activated protein C is a potent in vitro anticoagulant enzyme and an in vivo profibrinolytic agent, it is suggested that the recurrent thrombotic disease in this family is due to an inherited deficiency in protein C.
1,219 citations
973 citations