Identification source of variation on regional impact of air quality pattern using chemometric
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Cites background from "Identification source of variation ..."
...The main sources of pollutants were possibly waste product and effluent which from development and activities in the construction, tourism, agricultural areas and inorganic wastes which ultimately contaminated the river basin [31]....
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14 citations
Cites background or methods from "Identification source of variation ..."
...Thus, a serious attention is needed by all parties, not only by government sector, but also more to individual responsibility (Azid et al. 2015a)....
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...The MLR is a traditional methodology to examine the impact of dependent variable by identifying the relationship of each independent variables (Azid et al. 2015b; Azid et al. 2015c)....
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12 citations
Cites background from "Identification source of variation ..."
...0) can be classified into several groups by their sources (Allen et al., 2001; Marcazzan et al., 2001; Manoli et al., 2002; AlMomani, 2003; Azid et al., 2015; Chen et al., 2015; Fang et al., 2015; Liang et al., 2015)....
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...…characteristic values of over 1 in Principal Component Analysis (PCA) (SPSS v.12.0) can be classified into several groups by their sources (Allen et al., 2001; Marcazzan et al., 2001; Manoli et al., 2002; AlMomani, 2003; Azid et al., 2015; Chen et al., 2015; Fang et al., 2015; Liang et al., 2015)....
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References
148 citations
"Identification source of variation ..." refers background in this paper
...Chemometric in the environmental field is verified to be a functional tool to identify the sources of pollution (Simeonov et al., 2002; Mutalib et al., 2013; Azid et al., 2015)....
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"Identification source of variation ..." refers background in this paper
...The presence of CO, NO2, NO and NOx are related to the fossil fuel combustion of agricultural systems (Mukhopadhyay and Forssell, 2005), while the presence of non-methane hydrocarbons are related to the fossil fuel combustion of transportation (Kopmann 2007)....
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117 citations
"Identification source of variation ..." refers background in this paper
...The processes that had led to the accumulation of CH4 appeared to have led to the depletion of O3, to be precise, accumulation and depletion under a shallow night-time inversion (Simmonds et al., 2005)....
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103 citations
"Identification source of variation ..." refers background or methods in this paper
...The concentrations of CO, NO2, SO2, CH4, Humidity, NMHC, NO, and wind speed 10 m show a negative influence compared to O3, PM10, NOx, Ambient Temperature, THC, and UVB....
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...(6i)–(6iv): a) Original air quality parameters (14 variables) Total API = –0.15(CO) – 501.09(NO2) – 210.13(SO2) + 0.70(PM10) + 58.94(O3) + 0.19(Temp) – 0.24(CH4) – 0.14(Humidity) – 7.94(NMHC) – 576.91(NO) + 597.93(NOx) + 1.26(THC) + 6.43e–-03(UVB) – 0.88(Wind Speed 10m) + 18.30 [R2 = 0.873, adjusted R2 = 0.861, and RMSE=3.108] (6i) b) LPS (9 variables) Total API = –524.57(NO2) + 59.48(SO2) + 0.82(PM10) + 2.71(CH4) – 6.99e–02(Humidity) + 6.70(NMHC) + 87.74(NOx) + 1.47e–02(UVB) – 0.36(Wind Speed 10 m) + 8.72 [R2 = 0.865, adjusted R2 = 0.846, and RMSE = 2.187] (6ii) c) MPS (9 variables) Total API = –8216.13(NO2) + 1803.87(SO2) + 1.61(PM10) – 49.44(CH4) – 2.18(Humidity) – 13.64(NMHC) + 5478.53(NOx) – 3.95e–-02(UVB) – 1.28(Wind Speed 10 m) + 229.68 [R 2= 0.999, adjusted R 2= 0.993, and RMSE = 1.430] (6iii) T ab le 3 ....
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...Most of the pollutants in the MPS region are originated from burning of biomass and fossil fuels, particularly from industrial, residential and vegetation areas, motor vehicles, and natural emission sources (Mutalib et al., 2013; Azid et al., 2014b)....
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...The analysis is considered to be the most suitable tool for the reduction and interpretation of meaningful data (Kannel et al., 2007; Satheeshkumar and Khan, 2011; Mutalib et al., 2013)....
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...The status of air quality in Malaysia is monitored by the establishment of Recommended Malaysian Air Quality Guideline (RMAQG) issued by the Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE) since 1989 (Dominick et al., 2012; Mutalib et al., 2013; Azid et al., 2014a)....
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