Identification source of variation on regional impact of air quality pattern using chemometric
03 Aug 2015-Aerosol and Air Quality Research (Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research)-Vol. 15, Iss: 4, pp 1545-1558
TL;DR: In this paper, the effectiveness of hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (HACA), discriminant analysis (DA), principal component analysis (PCA), factor analysis (FA), and multiple linear regressions (MLR) for assessing the air quality data and air pollution sources pattern recognition were applied.
Abstract: This study intends to show the effectiveness of hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (HACA), discriminant analysis (DA), principal component analysis (PCA), factor analysis (FA) and multiple linear regressions (MLR) for assessing the air quality data and air pollution sources pattern recognition. The data sets of air quality for 12 months (January–December) in 2007, consisting of 14 stations around Peninsular Malaysia with 14 parameters (168 datasets) were applied. Three significant clusters - low pollution source (LPS) region, moderate pollution source (MPS) region, and slightly high pollution source (SHPS) region were generated via HACA. Forward stepwise of DA managed to discriminate 8 variables, whereas backward stepwise of DA managed to discriminate 9 out of 14 variables. The method of PCA and FA has identified 8 pollutants in LPS and SHPS respectively, as well as 11 pollutants in MPS region, where most of the pollutants are expected derived from industrial activities, transportation and agriculture systems. Four MLR models show that PM10 categorize as the primary pollutant in Malaysia. From the study, it can be stipulated that the application of chemometric techniques can disclose meaningful information on the spatial variability of a large and complex air quality data. A clearer review about the air quality and a novel design of air quality monitoring network for better management of air pollution can be achieved.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an organized review of the broad aspects related to urban air quality modeling such as urban microclimate, geospatial data, chemical transport models, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models and integration of CFD and mesoscale models.
Abstract: According to World Health Organization, 9 out of 10 people breathe polluted air and the ambient air pollution accounts for nearly 4.2 million early deaths worldwide. There is an urgent need for scientific management of urban air systems. Mathematical modeling of air quality helps the researchers and urban authorities in devising scientific management plans for mitigation of the associated impacts. We present an organized review of the broad aspects related to urban air quality modeling such as – urban microclimate, geospatial data, chemical transport models, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models and integration of CFD and mesoscale models. The paper also discusses about the influence of urban land scape features on air quality, accuracy of emission inventory and model validation methods. The present review provides a vantage point to the researchers in the emerging field of high resolution urban air quality modeling for devising the location specific mitigation plans for the scientific management of the clean air.
41 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that ANN was an effective tool to compute the MWQ in mangrove estuarine zone and a powerful alternative prediction model as compared to the other modelling methods.
27 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the water quality status as stated in NWQS is categorized as Class I on dry season and Class II on wet sea-son, the major pollutants in Kenyir Lake are Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Dissolve Oxygen and pH which are contributed largely by untreated or partially treated sewage from tourism development and construction activities around the basin.
Abstract: Water ecosystem deterioration can be affected by various factors of either natural environment or physical changes in the river basin. Data observation were made during dry season (April 2017) and wet season (December 2017). 21 sampling stations were selected along Kenyir Lake Basin. Overall, the water quality status as stated in NWQS is categorized as Class I on dry season and Class II on wet sea-son. The major pollutants in Kenyir Lake are Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Dissolve Oxygen and pH which are contributed largely by untreated or partially treated sewage from tourism development and construction activities around the basin. The sedimentation problem level in the Kenyir Lake Basin is not in critically stage but the flow rate of water and land use ac-tivities (development around basin) will be contributed to the increasing levels of sedimentation. The good site management such as the implementation of proper site practice measures to control and treat run-off prior to discharge will ensure that the construction works will not affect the quality and quantity of the receiving waters or have significant impact upon the receiving waters.
19 citations
Cites background from "Identification source of variation ..."
...The main sources of pollutants were possibly waste product and effluent which from development and activities in the construction, tourism, agricultural areas and inorganic wastes which ultimately contaminated the river basin [31]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Multiple Linear Regressions (MLR) coupled with sensitivity analysis (SA) were used to recognize the pollutant relationship status over particulate matter (PM10) in eastern region.
Abstract: The comprehensives of particulate matter studies are needed in predicting future haze occurrences in Malaysia. This paper presents the application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Multiple Linear Regressions (MLR) coupled with sensitivity analysis (SA) in order to recognize the pollutant relationship status over particulate matter (PM10) in eastern region. Eight monitoring studies were used, involving 14 input parameters as independent variables including meteorological factors. In order to investigate the efficiency of ANN and MLR performance, two different weather circumstances were selected; haze and non-haze. The performance evaluation was characterized into two steps. Firstly, two models were developed based on ANN and MLR which denoted as full model, with all parameters (14 variables) were used as the input. SA was used as additional feature to rank the most contributed parameter to PM10 variations in both situations. Next, the model development was evaluated based on selected model, where only significant variables were selected as input. Three mathematical indices were introduced (R2, RMSE and SSE) to compare on both techniques. From the findings, ANN performed better in full and selected model, with both models were completely showed a significant result during hazy and non-hazy. On top of that, UVb and carbon monoxide were both variables that mutually predicted by ANN and MLR during hazy and non-hazy days, respectively. The precise predictions were required in helping any related agency to emphasize on pollutant that essentially contributed to PM10 variations, especially during haze period.
14 citations
Cites background or methods from "Identification source of variation ..."
...Thus, a serious attention is needed by all parties, not only by government sector, but also more to individual responsibility (Azid et al. 2015a)....
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...The MLR is a traditional methodology to examine the impact of dependent variable by identifying the relationship of each independent variables (Azid et al. 2015b; Azid et al. 2015c)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the results of sample analyses indicate that during the beehive firework display, the ratios of metal concentrations in PM_(2.5) to the background level at leeward sampling site were 1,828 for Ba, 702 for K, 534 for Sr, 473 for Cu, 104 for Mg, 121 for Al, and 98 for Pb.
Abstract: This study investigates metals in the PM_(1.0) and PM_(2.5) collected using a micro-orifice uniform deposition impactor (MOUDI) sampler in the YanShuei area of southern Taiwan during a beehive firework display. The results of sample analyses indicate that during the beehive firework display, the ratios of metal concentrations in PM_(2.5) (D) to the background level (B) at leeward sampling site were 1,828 for Ba, 702 for K, 534 for Sr, 473 for Cu, 104 for Mg, 121 for Al, and 98 for Pb. The corresponding data for PM_(1.0) were 3036, 838, 550, 676, 594, 190, and 126, respectively. According to the results of metal composition ratio, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and upper continental crust (UCC) analyses, the concentrations of particle-bound Al, Ba, Cu, K, Mg, Pb, and Sr increased during the beehive firework displays, suggesting that firework-display aerosols contained abundant metal elements of Al, Ba, Cu, K, Mg, Pb, and Sr. Before (background), trial, during, and after the beehive firework display, the Ba, K, Cu, Mg, Pb, and Sr (commonly regarded as firework display indicator elements) accounted for 0.520, 2.45, 26.4 and 0.849% mass of PM1, respectively, while for PM_(2.5) the corresponding data were 0.777, 2.32, 23.8, and 0.776%, respectively.
12 citations
Cites background from "Identification source of variation ..."
...0) can be classified into several groups by their sources (Allen et al., 2001; Marcazzan et al., 2001; Manoli et al., 2002; AlMomani, 2003; Azid et al., 2015; Chen et al., 2015; Fang et al., 2015; Liang et al., 2015)....
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...…characteristic values of over 1 in Principal Component Analysis (PCA) (SPSS v.12.0) can be classified into several groups by their sources (Allen et al., 2001; Marcazzan et al., 2001; Manoli et al., 2002; AlMomani, 2003; Azid et al., 2015; Chen et al., 2015; Fang et al., 2015; Liang et al., 2015)....
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References
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TL;DR: Based on ethnographic research with Moroccan youth, the authors traces debates and vocabularies related to the experience and imagination of clandestine migration to Europe ( l-harg, ''the burning')
Abstract: Based on ethnographic research with Moroccan youth, the article traces debates and vocabularies related to the experience and imagination of clandestine migration to Europe ( l-harg, `the burning')
96 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were applied to the mass concentrations of sulphur dioxide (SO2), respirable suspended particulates (RSP) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), collected in monitoring network of Hong Kong from January 2001 to December 2007.
90 citations
"Identification source of variation ..." refers background in this paper
...The fundamental point of DA is to classify an object of unknown origin to one of several naturally occurring groups (Manjunath et al., 2012)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a review of modelling tools and methodologies used to study regional climate change impacts on air quality is presented, and the specific case of climate-change effects on summer ozone concentrations over Europe is presented to illustrate the potential impacts of climate change on pollutant amounts.
88 citations
"Identification source of variation ..." refers background in this paper
...The life cycle of pollutants is influenced by chemical and meteorological factors, such as wind speed, temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation (Giorgi and Meleux, 2007)....
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... The life cycle of pollutants is influenced by chemical and meteorological factors, such as wind speed, temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation (Giorgi and Meleux, 2007)....
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TL;DR: PCA identified the spatial and temporal characteristics of trophic stations and showed that the water quality was worse in stations 3 and 4 in the Pondicherry mangroves, and indicated a correlation at P < 0.01.
Abstract: Different multivariate statistical analysis such as, cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and multidimensional scale plot were employed to evaluate the trophic status of water quality for four monitoring stations. The present study was carried out to determine the physicochemical parameters of water and sediment characteristics of Pondicherry mangroves—southeast coast of India, during September 2008–December 2010. Seasonal variations of different parameters investigated were as follows: salinity (10.26–35.20 psu), dissolved oxygen (3.71–5.33 mg/L), pH (7.05–8.36), electrical conductivity (26.41–41.33 ms−1), sulfide (1.98–40.43 mg/L), sediment texture sand (39.54–87.31%), silt (9.89–32.97%), clay (3.06–31.20%), and organic matter (0.94–4.64%). pH, temperature, salinity, sand, silt, clay, and organic matter indicated a correlation at P < 0.01. CA grouped the four seasons in to four groups (pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon, summer) and the sampling sites in to three groups. PCA identified the spatial and temporal characteristics of trophic stations and showed that the water quality was worse in stations 3 and 4 in the Pondicherry mangroves.
66 citations
"Identification source of variation ..." refers methods in this paper
...The analysis is considered to be the most suitable tool for the reduction and interpretation of meaningful data (Kannel et al., 2007; Satheeshkumar and Khan, 2011; Mutalib et al., 2013)....
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TL;DR: Factors like urbanization, industry, motor vehicles and forest fires remain the main contributors to the deterioration of air quality in the Klang Valley, and a more sustainable policy has to be introduced by the government in order to tackle the air pollution issue.
Abstract: The recent air pollution trend, as well as the factors that contribute to the air quality, were reviewed in the Klang Valley since it has undergone rapid development over the years. The overall quality of air in the Klang Valley was moderate for 66% of the days throughout the year of 2009 while only 5% of the days were classified at the unhealthy level. Shah Alam and Kuala Lumpur were among the cities that recorded the highest number of unhealthy days from 2001-2009. Furthermore, places around the Klang Valley suffered from quite severe acidified rain, which indicates that heavy air pollution is still occurringin areas around the Lang Valley. Factors like urbanization, industry, motor vehicles and forest fires remain the main contributors to the deterioration of air quality in the Klang Valley. Hence, a more sustainable policy has to be introduced by the government in order to tackle the air pollution issue.
61 citations
"Identification source of variation ..." refers background in this paper
...Most of the air pollution sources derived from land transportation (mobile source), industrial emissions (stationary source), and open burning sources (Afroz et al., 2003; Azmi et al., 2010; Abdullah et al., 2012; Azid et al., 2013, 2014a, b)....
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