Identifying fatigue failure in asphalt binder time sweep tests
TL;DR: A comparison of different analysis approaches for defining the occurrence of fatigue failure during time sweep fatigue tests conducted in both control-displacement and control-stress loading modes is presented in this paper.
About: This article is published in Construction and Building Materials.The article was published on 2016-09-15. It has received 76 citations till now.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the damage characteristics of the WEOB rejuvenated asphalt binder with aromatic extract oil (AEOB) were compared in the non-linear range of high temperature, fatigue and low-temperature damage characteristics.
58 citations
TL;DR: In this article, melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) microcapsules containing rejuvenator were fabricated to enhance the self-healing ability of asphalt, and the results showed that the prepared micro-capsules were intact and the outer surface of the microcapsule was rough.
Abstract: Asphalt is a typical self-healing material, but the healing process is rather inefficient. Therefore, melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF) microcapsules containing rejuvenator were fabricated to enhance the self-healing ability of asphalt. Optical and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) morphologies showed that the prepared microcapsules were intact, and the outer surface of the microcapsule was rough, with both observations were beneficial for the interaction between asphalt and microcapsules. Microcapsules were mixed with asphalt by a proportion of 3 wt %, and almost all the microcapsules were kept intact even when experiencing 160 °C high temperature and mechanical agitation. It is noted that microcapsules were distributed homogeneously, which were highly likely to release rejuvenator after meeting with microcracks. A ductility self-healing test, along with fluorescence microscopy observations, was conducted to demonstrate how MUF microcapsules performed in asphalt. The test found that microcapsules were ...
51 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of crumb rubber modifier (CRM) content (5, 10, 15% and 22% by weight of base bitumen) and warm-mix additives on the binder fatigue performance were investigated.
49 citations
Cites background from "Identifying fatigue failure in asph..."
...However, this fatigue failure definition has been criticized since it is arbitrary and lacks theoretical verification [23]....
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..., are proposed for fatigue analysis [22,23]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, amorphous carbon (AC) powder was used as a bitumen additive and filler material in asphalt mixtures to investigate its influence on rutting and fatigue behavior of asphalt binder and mixtures.
48 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the performance of polystyrene graphene nanoplatelets (PS-GNPs)/Styrene butadiene Styrene (SBS) incorporated binder and Octadecyle amine Graphene Nanoplatelets(ODA-GNP)/SBS incorporation binder were comparatively analyzed by DSR, MSCR, BBR, Time sweep, Marshall water stability, freeze-thaw splitting and rutting tests.
44 citations
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: This report documents the results of a study on the applicability of Superpave specification (AASHTO MP1, "Standard Specification for Performance Graded Asphalt Binder") and protocols developed for asphalt cements to modified asphalt binders.
Abstract: This report documents the results of a study on the applicability of Superpave specification (AASHTO MP1, "Standard Specification for Performance Graded Asphalt Binder") and protocols developed for asphalt cements to modified asphalt binders. A survey indicated that, although the majority of state agencies intend to increase future use of modified binders, very little is known about the binders' behavior. In addition, there are serious concerns regarding their storage stability, aging, and mixing and compaction temperatures. Using advanced rheological characterization of a selected set of binders and mixtures, it was found that the binder specification parameters in the current AASHTO MP1 are not adequate to rank the modified binders according to their contribution to mixture damage. The concepts of viscous flow and energy dissipation were explored in an effort to derive binder parameters that more effectively relate binder to mixture behavior. Suggested test protocols and specification parameters were developed to integrate the new concepts into a future specification. A direct measure of the glass transition behavior and the use of a design-cooling rate were identified as reliable estimators of the binders' role in thermal cracking. Also, a storage stability test and a particulate additive test were developed and proposed as standard tests. The concept of low shear viscosity was introduced for the determination of laboratory mixing and compaction temperatures to avoid excessive heating and to consider the shear-rate dependency of modified binders. Revisions to the binder grading system are recommended to include a three-level grading scheme. A field validation plan is proposed to test the validity of these concepts and to derive reliable specification criteria and limits.
535 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of the processes on fatigue fracture and fracture healing during controlled-strain, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) testing was investigated, where Sand asphalt samples were fabricated with two SHRP-classified binders: AAD-1 and AAM-1.
Abstract: This paper investigates the effect of the processes on fatigue fracture and fracture healing during controlled-strain, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) testing. Sand asphalt samples were fabricated with two SHRP-classified binders: AAD-1 and AAM-1. DMA testing was performed at 25°C and at 10 Hz. The mechanical response during DMA testing was monitored using three different damage indicators: (1) change in dynamic modulus; (2) change in pseudo stiffness; and (3) change in dissipated strain energy. When either of these parameters are plotted versus the number of load cycles, two inflection points are apparent that define a significant change in sample behavior due to damage. The second inflection point is a reasonable definition of failure, as it is strongly correlated with the peak of the plot of phase angle versus load repetitions. Furthermore, the phase angle drops precipitously at the second inflection point. By performing controlled-strain torsional fatigue tests at three different strain levels, each great enough to induce damage, a reproducible fatigue relationship (number of load cycles as a function of stress level) is developed. The introduction of several rest periods during testing lengthened fatigue life. Successful development of this testing method is suggested as a potential specification-type test method because of its efficiency, reproducibility, and reliability.
297 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a method is presented for examining dissipated energy to select a consistent level of material behavior that is indicative of the damage accumulation in the mixture, showing the similarity between the constant stress and constant strain modes of testing and providing the potential for unifying the now phenomenological description of fatigue.
Abstract: Determination of the failure limit in a repeated-load fatigue test in the laboratory has relied entirely on the arbitrary selection of a fixed criterion. The constant strain and constant stress modes of fatigue loading have been described by a consistent definition of failure in flexural fatigue testing because of the distinctly different application of energy during the loading history. The most widely accepted definition is a decrease in initial stiffness by 50 percent. Procedures examining energy input and dissipated energy have required different schemes for each mode in an attempt to describe similar states of damage in the mixture. A proposed method is presented for examining dissipated energy to select a consistent level of material behavior that is indicative of the damage accumulation in the mixture. This procedure shows the similarity between the constant stress and constant strain modes of testing and is shown to provide the potential for unifying the now phenomenological description of fatigue...
251 citations
01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: In this paper, a mechanistic approach to fatigue characterization of asphalt-aggregate mixtures is presented based on a uniaxial viscoelastic constitutive model that accounts for damage evolution under cyclic loading conditions.
Abstract: A mechanistic approach to fatigue characterization of asphalt-aggregate mixtures is presented in this paper. This approach is founded on a uniaxial viscoelastic constitutive model that accounts for damage evolution under cyclic loading conditions. The elastic-viscoelastic correspondence principle is applied in order to evaluate damage growth and healing in cyclic loading separately from time-dependent characteristics of the material. The damage growth during loading cycles and healing during rest periods are modeled using the work potential theory, a continuum damage theory based on thermodynamics of an irreversible process. Internal state variable formulation was used in developing the analytical representation of the model. Tensile uniaxial fatigue tests were performed under the controlled-strain mode with different strain amplitudes to determine model parameters. The resulting constitutive model successfully predicts the damage growth of asphalt concrete under monotonic loading of varying strain rates and damage growth and recovery due to complex loading histories, in both controlled-strain and controlled-stress modes, composed of randomly applied multi-level loading with different loading rates and varying durations of rest. Fatigue lives of two different mixtures are predicted with a reasonable accuracy using the constitutive model for the constant stress/strain amplitude cyclic loading histories with and without rest periods. Recommendations are made on how the resulting constitutive model can be used for practical fatigue performance prediction of asphalt concrete. Some discussions are given on the relationships between chemical properties of asphalt binder and beneficial effects of rest periods on fatigue performance.
231 citations
01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of non-linear viscoelastic properties of asphalt binders in mixture response was investigated and the results indicated that linear properties are not good indicators of mixture response.
Abstract: A study was conducted to relate linear visco-elastic properties of asphalt binders of the same PG-Grade to the rheological properties of asphalt mixtures of same aggregate source, gradation, and volumetric proportions. The only variable was the type of modifier used in the production of the binder. Results indicated that linear properties are not good indicators of mixture response. The study was expanded to evaluate the role of non-linear viscoelastic properties in mixture response. The results collected indicate that modified and un-modified asphalt binders vary significantly in the non-linear behavior. The non-linear study was expanded to include fatigue performance of binders at various strain levels in the linear and non-linear range. The paper presents a parametric study showing factors that influence strain dependency of asphalt binders of a wide variety of chemical composition and modification techniques. The results of fatigue testing of the binders are also presented to show factors that influence fatigue behavior. This paper is intended to stimulate the research on the non-linear behavior of binders and to suggest that non-linear properties are essential for effective estimation of the role of binders in mixture behavior.
199 citations