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Proceedings Article

Image Processing

01 Jan 1994-
TL;DR: The main focus in MUCKE is on cleaning large scale Web image corpora and on proposing image representations which are closer to the human interpretation of images.
Abstract: MUCKE aims to mine a large volume of images, to structure them conceptually and to use this conceptual structuring in order to improve large-scale image retrieval. The last decade witnessed important progress concerning low-level image representations. However, there are a number problems which need to be solved in order to unleash the full potential of image mining in applications. The central problem with low-level representations is the mismatch between them and the human interpretation of image content. This problem can be instantiated, for instance, by the incapability of existing descriptors to capture spatial relationships between the concepts represented or by their incapability to convey an explanation of why two images are similar in a content-based image retrieval framework. We start by assessing existing local descriptors for image classification and by proposing to use co-occurrence matrices to better capture spatial relationships in images. The main focus in MUCKE is on cleaning large scale Web image corpora and on proposing image representations which are closer to the human interpretation of images. Consequently, we introduce methods which tackle these two problems and compare results to state of the art methods. Note: some aspects of this deliverable are withheld at this time as they are pending review. Please contact the authors for a preview.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors make a concise analysis of methodologies for interactive retrieval of color images and give complete guidelines for choosing and designing methods for interactive color image retrieval based on the domain and search goal characteristics.
Abstract: Retrieval of color images has become an important application in recent years. We make a concise analysis of methodologies for interactive retrieval of color images. Two issues are of importance. First, the domain, which can be broad or narrow. Second, the search method, which can be object search, target search, category search or associative search. On the basis of these, we give complete guidelines for choosing and designing methods for interactive color image retrieval based on the domain and search goal characteristics.

15 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
07 May 2001
TL;DR: This work proposes a foveation scalable video coding (FSVC) algorithm, which supplies good quality-compression performance as well as effective rate scalability to support simple and precise bit rate control.
Abstract: Recently, there have been two interesting trends in image and video coding research. One is to use human visual system (HVS) models to improve the current state-of-the-art coding algorithms by better exploiting the properties of the intended receiver. The other is to design rate-scalable video codecs, which allow the extraction of coded visual information at continuously varying bit rates from a single compressed bitstream. We follow these two trends and propose a foveation scalable video coding (FSVC) algorithm, which supplies good quality-compression performance as well as effective rate scalability to support simple and precise bit rate control. A foveation-based HVS model plays a key role in the algorithm. The algorithm is amenable to the inclusion of various HVS models and adaptable to different video communication applications.

15 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Sridhar Srinivasan1
TL;DR: A new paradigm for the construction of reversible transforms that map integers to integers is introduced, wherein certain Pythagorean triples can be scalar quantized to produce a reversible, normalized, scalefree transform matrix.
Abstract: This paper introduces a new paradigm for the construction of reversible transforms that map integers to integers. Transform matrices with integer entries are first considered, and the modular arithmetic properties of transform coefficients are studied. It is shown that these transform coefficients are redundant in modular arithmetic. Further, this redundancy can be exploited by quantizing transform coefficients critically so as to produce an effective scaled transformation with unit determinant. This forms the basis of a class of transforms referred to as modulo transforms that are reversible and unit determinant, conditions necessary for applications such as lossless compression and reversible image rotation. The theory of modulo transforms is examined in depth. Analysis based on modular arithmetic shows that two-dimensional rotations can be critically quantized, albeit with nonequal bin widths along axes. A construction procedure is derived for realizing a reversible transform with small or unit scaling factors, and a theorem is stated wherein certain Pythagorean triples can be scalar quantized to produce a reversible, normalized, scalefree transform matrix. Modulo transforms and lifting are compared and contrasted in theory, and in experiments. The computational aspects of modulo transforms are also discussed in this paper.

15 citations


Cites methods from "Image Processing"

  • ...For the compression of typical time sequences, images and video, integer transforms are chosen so as to closely approximate an efficient linear transform such as the discrete cosine transform (DCT) or Karhunen–Loeve transform, both of which are known to be effective for data compression on account of their energy compaction properties [1], [2]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that the impact of larval competition with microbes for resources extends into adult life and can negatively affect subsequent generations via impacts on the quality of parental care provided after hatching, but also find evidence for some positive effects of previous microbial exposure on prehatch investment, suggesting that the long‐term results of competition with microbial may include altering the balance of parental investment between prehatching and post‐hatch care.
Abstract: Intergenerational effects can have either adaptive or nonadaptive impacts on offspring performance. Such effects are likely to be of ecological and evolutionary importance in animals with extended parental care, such as birds, mammals and some insects. Here, we studied the effects of exposure to microbial competition during early development on subsequent reproductive success in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides, an insect with elaborate parental care. We found that exposure to high levels of microbial competition both during a female's larval development and during her subsequent reproduction resulted in females rearing smaller broods than those exposed to lower levels of microbial competition. To determine whether these differences arose before or after offspring hatching, a cross-fostering experiment was conducted. Our results demonstrate that the impact of larval competition with microbes for resources extends into adult life and can negatively affect subsequent generations via impacts on the quality of parental care provided after hatching. However, we also find evidence for some positive effects of previous microbial exposure on prehatch investment, suggesting that the long-term results of competition with microbes may include altering the balance of parental investment between prehatch and post-hatch care.

15 citations


Cites methods from "Image Processing"

  • ...2 7 ( 2 0 14 ) 1 20 5 – 1 21 6 JOURNAL OF EVOLUT IONARY B IOLOGY ª 2014 EUROPEAN SOC I E TY FOR EVOLUT IONARY B IO LOGY photographs using ImageJ (Abramoff et al., 2004), converted to mm, and the average egg volume estimated according the equation V = (1/6) pw2L, where w is the width and L the length of the egg, which calculates the volume of a prolate spheroid (Berrigan, 1991)....

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  • ...2 7 ( 2 0 14 ) 1 20 5 – 1 21 6 JOURNAL OF EVOLUT IONARY B IOLOGY ª 2014 EUROPEAN SOC I E TY FOR EVOLUT IONARY B IO LOGY photographs using ImageJ (Abramoff et al., 2004), converted to mm, and the average egg volume estimated according the equation V = (1/6) pw2L, where w is the width and L the…...

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 1973
TL;DR: These results indicate that the easily computable textural features based on gray-tone spatial dependancies probably have a general applicability for a wide variety of image-classification applications.
Abstract: Texture is one of the important characteristics used in identifying objects or regions of interest in an image, whether the image be a photomicrograph, an aerial photograph, or a satellite image. This paper describes some easily computable textural features based on gray-tone spatial dependancies, and illustrates their application in category-identification tasks of three different kinds of image data: photomicrographs of five kinds of sandstones, 1:20 000 panchromatic aerial photographs of eight land-use categories, and Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS) multispecial imagery containing seven land-use categories. We use two kinds of decision rules: one for which the decision regions are convex polyhedra (a piecewise linear decision rule), and one for which the decision regions are rectangular parallelpipeds (a min-max decision rule). In each experiment the data set was divided into two parts, a training set and a test set. Test set identification accuracy is 89 percent for the photomicrographs, 82 percent for the aerial photographic imagery, and 83 percent for the satellite imagery. These results indicate that the easily computable textural features probably have a general applicability for a wide variety of image-classification applications.

20,442 citations

Book
03 Oct 1988
TL;DR: This chapter discusses two Dimensional Systems and Mathematical Preliminaries and their applications in Image Analysis and Computer Vision, as well as image reconstruction from Projections and image enhancement.
Abstract: Introduction. 1. Two Dimensional Systems and Mathematical Preliminaries. 2. Image Perception. 3. Image Sampling and Quantization. 4. Image Transforms. 5. Image Representation by Stochastic Models. 6. Image Enhancement. 7. Image Filtering and Restoration. 8. Image Analysis and Computer Vision. 9. Image Reconstruction From Projections. 10. Image Data Compression.

8,504 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The image coding results, calculated from actual file sizes and images reconstructed by the decoding algorithm, are either comparable to or surpass previous results obtained through much more sophisticated and computationally complex methods.
Abstract: Embedded zerotree wavelet (EZW) coding, introduced by Shapiro (see IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol.41, no.12, p.3445, 1993), is a very effective and computationally simple technique for image compression. We offer an alternative explanation of the principles of its operation, so that the reasons for its excellent performance can be better understood. These principles are partial ordering by magnitude with a set partitioning sorting algorithm, ordered bit plane transmission, and exploitation of self-similarity across different scales of an image wavelet transform. Moreover, we present a new and different implementation based on set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT), which provides even better performance than our previously reported extension of EZW that surpassed the performance of the original EZW. The image coding results, calculated from actual file sizes and images reconstructed by the decoding algorithm, are either comparable to or surpass previous results obtained through much more sophisticated and computationally complex methods. In addition, the new coding and decoding procedures are extremely fast, and they can be made even faster, with only small loss in performance, by omitting entropy coding of the bit stream by the arithmetic code.

5,890 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Eight constructs decellularized hearts by coronary perfusion with detergents, preserved the underlying extracellular matrix, and produced an acellular, perfusable vascular architecture, competent a cellular valves and intact chamber geometry that could generate pump function in a modified working heart preparation.
Abstract: About 3,000 individuals in the United States are awaiting a donor heart; worldwide, 22 million individuals are living with heart failure. A bioartificial heart is a theoretical alternative to transplantation or mechanical left ventricular support. Generating a bioartificial heart requires engineering of cardiac architecture, appropriate cellular constituents and pump function. We decellularized hearts by coronary perfusion with detergents, preserved the underlying extracellular matrix, and produced an acellular, perfusable vascular architecture, competent acellular valves and intact chamber geometry. To mimic cardiac cell composition, we reseeded these constructs with cardiac or endothelial cells. To establish function, we maintained eight constructs for up to 28 d by coronary perfusion in a bioreactor that simulated cardiac physiology. By day 4, we observed macroscopic contractions. By day 8, under physiological load and electrical stimulation, constructs could generate pump function (equivalent to about 2% of adult or 25% of 16-week fetal heart function) in a modified working heart preparation.

2,454 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 1997
TL;DR: This paper examines automated iris recognition as a biometrically based technology for personal identification and verification from the observation that the human iris provides a particularly interesting structure on which to base a technology for noninvasive biometric assessment.
Abstract: This paper examines automated iris recognition as a biometrically based technology for personal identification and verification. The motivation for this endeavor stems from the observation that the human iris provides a particularly interesting structure on which to base a technology for noninvasive biometric assessment. In particular the biomedical literature suggests that irises are as distinct as fingerprints or patterns of retinal blood vessels. Further, since the iris is an overt body, its appearance is amenable to remote examination with the aid of a machine vision system. The body of this paper details issues in the design and operation of such systems. For the sake of illustration, extant systems are described in some amount of detail.

2,046 citations