scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Proceedings Article

Image Processing

01 Jan 1994-
TL;DR: The main focus in MUCKE is on cleaning large scale Web image corpora and on proposing image representations which are closer to the human interpretation of images.
Abstract: MUCKE aims to mine a large volume of images, to structure them conceptually and to use this conceptual structuring in order to improve large-scale image retrieval. The last decade witnessed important progress concerning low-level image representations. However, there are a number problems which need to be solved in order to unleash the full potential of image mining in applications. The central problem with low-level representations is the mismatch between them and the human interpretation of image content. This problem can be instantiated, for instance, by the incapability of existing descriptors to capture spatial relationships between the concepts represented or by their incapability to convey an explanation of why two images are similar in a content-based image retrieval framework. We start by assessing existing local descriptors for image classification and by proposing to use co-occurrence matrices to better capture spatial relationships in images. The main focus in MUCKE is on cleaning large scale Web image corpora and on proposing image representations which are closer to the human interpretation of images. Consequently, we introduce methods which tackle these two problems and compare results to state of the art methods. Note: some aspects of this deliverable are withheld at this time as they are pending review. Please contact the authors for a preview.
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The melastatin‐related transient receptor potential TRPM3 is a calcium‐permeable nonselective cation channel that can be activated by the neurosteroid pregnenolone sulphate (PregS) and heat and drugs inhibiting it possibly get in focus of analgesic therapy.
Abstract: Background and Purpose The melastatin-related transient receptor potential TRPM3 is a calcium-permeable nonselective cation channel that can be activated by the neurosteroid pregnenolone sulphate (PregS) and heat. TRPM3-deficient mice show an impaired perception of noxious heat. Hence, drugs inhibiting TRPM3 possibly get in focus of analgesic therapy. Experimental Approach Fluorometric methods were used to identify novel TRPM3-blocking compounds and to characterize their potency and selectivity to block TRPM3 but not other sensory TRP channels. Biophysical properties of the block were assessed using electrophysiological methods. Single cell calcium measurements confirmed the block of endogenously expressed TRPM3 channels in rat and mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurones. Key Results By screening a compound library, we identified three natural compounds as potent blockers of TRPM3. Naringenin and hesperetin belong to the citrus fruit flavanones, and ononetin is a deoxybenzoin. Eriodictyol, a metabolite of naringenin and hesperetin, was still biologically active as a TRPM3 blocker. The compounds exhibited a marked specificity for recombinant TRPM3 and blocked PregS-induced [Ca2+]i signals in freshly isolated DRG neurones. Conclusion and Implications The data indicate that citrus fruit flavonoids are potent and selective blockers of TRPM3. Their potencies ranged from upper nanomolar to lower micromolar concentrations. Since physiological functions of TRPM3 channels are still poorly defined, the development and validation of potent and selective blockers is expected to contribute to clarifying the role of TRPM3 in vivo. Considering the involvement of TRPM3 in nociception, TRPM3 blockers may represent a novel concept for analgesic treatment.

81 citations


Cites methods from "Image Processing"

  • ...Background subtraction and ratio calculation were performed with ImageJ utilizing a modified version of the ‘ratio-plus’ plugin....

    [...]

  • ...The imaging was controlled with the MicroManager software (Edelstein et al., 2010), and fluorescence intensities were quantified over single wells, corrected for background signals and expressed as F/F0, using ImageJ (Abramoff et al., 2004)....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a numerical model was used to investigate the minimum viscosity required for the fragmentation of fast ascending basaltic magmas, and it was shown that the critical requirements are initial magma temperatures lower than 1,100˚°C to reach a syn-eruptive crystal content of over 30˚vol%, and thus a magma viscoverage around 105˚Pa.
Abstract: Basaltic eruptions are the most common form of volcanism on Earth and planetary bodies. The low viscosity of basaltic magmas inhibits fragmentation, which favours effusive and lava-fountaining activity, yet highly explosive, hazardous basaltic eruptions occur. The processes that promote fragmentation of basaltic magma remain unclear and are subject to debate. Here we used a numerical conduit model to show that a rapid magma ascent during explosive eruptions produces a large undercooling. In situ experiments revealed that undercooling drives exceptionally rapid (in minutes) crystallization, which induces a step change in viscosity that triggers magma fragmentation. The experimentally produced textures are consistent with basaltic Plinian eruption products. We applied a numerical model to investigate basaltic magma fragmentation over a wide parameter space and found that all basaltic volcanoes have the potential to produce highly explosive eruptions. The critical requirements are initial magma temperatures lower than 1,100 °C to reach a syn-eruptive crystal content of over 30 vol%, and thus a magma viscosity around 105 Pa s, which our results suggest is the minimum viscosity required for the fragmentation of fast ascending basaltic magmas. These temperature, crystal content and viscosity requirements reveal how typically effusive basaltic volcanoes can produce unexpected highly explosive and hazardous eruptions. Volcanoes that typically erupt effusively can generate highly explosive eruptions of basaltic lava under specific temperature and viscosity conditions, suggest crystallization experiments combined with numerical models of magma fragmentation.

81 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the relationship between the monotonic and cyclic behavior of cylindrical AlSi10Mg (CL31 AL) samples fabricated by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) to the build direction, the presence of manufacturing defects (pores, voids, oxides, etc.) and the beneficial effect of post-processing (T6 and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) treatments).

80 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the creep deformation mechanisms at intermediate temperature in ME3, a modern Ni-based disk superalloy, were investigated using diffraction contrast imaging, both conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning TEM were utilised.
Abstract: The creep deformation mechanisms at intermediate temperature in ME3, a modern Ni-based disk superalloy, were investigated using diffraction contrast imaging. Both conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning TEM were utilised. Distinctly different deformation mechanisms become operative during creep at temperatures between 677–815 °C and at stresses ranging from 274 to 724 MPa. Both polycrystalline and single-crystal creep tests were conducted. The single-crystal tests provide new insight into grain orientation effects on creep response and deformation mechanisms. Creep at lower temperatures (≤760°C) resulted in the thermally activated shearing modes such as microtwinning, stacking fault ribbons and isolated superlattice extrinsic stacking faults. In contrast, these faulting modes occurred much less frequently during creep at 815°C under lower applied stresses. Instead, the principal deformation mode was dislocation climb bypass. In addition to the difference in creep behaviour and cre...

80 citations

Dissertation
01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: A novel method is described for automatically learning a spatiotemporal, physically-based model that allows the system to accurately predict the expected change in object shape over time, and is shown to increase the reliability of the system.
Abstract: The analysis and automatic interpretation of images containing moving non-rigid objects, such as walking people, has been the subject of considerable research in the field of computer vision and pattern recognition. In order to build fast and reliable systems some kind of prior model is generally required. A model enables the system to cope with situations where there is considerable background clutter or where information is missing from the image data. This may be due to imaging errors (e.g. blurring due to motion) or due to part of an object becoming hidden from view. Conventional approaches to the problem of tracking non-rigid objects require complex hand-crafted models which are not easily adapted to different problems. A more recent approach uses training information to build models for image analysis. This thesis extends this approach by building flexible 2D models, automatically, from sequences of training images. Efficient methods are described for using the resulting models for real time contour tracking using optimal linear filtering techniques. The method is further extended by incorporating a feedback scheme to generate a more compact linear model which is shown to be more robust and accurate for tracking. Models of the shape of an object do not utilise the temporal information contained within the training sequences. A novel method is described for automatically learning a spatiotemporal, physically-based model that allows the system to accurately predict the expected change in object shape over time. This approach is shown to increase the reliability of the system, requiring only a modest increase in computational processing. The system can be automatically trained on video sequences to learn constraints on the apparent shape and motion of a particular non-rigid object in a particular environment. Results show the system is capable of tracking several walking pedestrians in real time without the use of expensive dedicated hardware. The output from this system has potential uses in the areas of surveillance, animation and gait analysis.

80 citations


Cites methods from "Image Processing"

  • ...[47] M Sonka, V Hlavac, and R Boyle....

    [...]

  • ...Morphological ®lters were applied to ®ll these ªgapsº (see for example Sonka, Hlavac andBoyle [47])....

    [...]

  • ...Morphological ®lters were applied to ®ll these agapso (see for example Sonka, Hlavac and Boyle [47])....

    [...]

References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 1973
TL;DR: These results indicate that the easily computable textural features based on gray-tone spatial dependancies probably have a general applicability for a wide variety of image-classification applications.
Abstract: Texture is one of the important characteristics used in identifying objects or regions of interest in an image, whether the image be a photomicrograph, an aerial photograph, or a satellite image. This paper describes some easily computable textural features based on gray-tone spatial dependancies, and illustrates their application in category-identification tasks of three different kinds of image data: photomicrographs of five kinds of sandstones, 1:20 000 panchromatic aerial photographs of eight land-use categories, and Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS) multispecial imagery containing seven land-use categories. We use two kinds of decision rules: one for which the decision regions are convex polyhedra (a piecewise linear decision rule), and one for which the decision regions are rectangular parallelpipeds (a min-max decision rule). In each experiment the data set was divided into two parts, a training set and a test set. Test set identification accuracy is 89 percent for the photomicrographs, 82 percent for the aerial photographic imagery, and 83 percent for the satellite imagery. These results indicate that the easily computable textural features probably have a general applicability for a wide variety of image-classification applications.

20,442 citations

Book
03 Oct 1988
TL;DR: This chapter discusses two Dimensional Systems and Mathematical Preliminaries and their applications in Image Analysis and Computer Vision, as well as image reconstruction from Projections and image enhancement.
Abstract: Introduction. 1. Two Dimensional Systems and Mathematical Preliminaries. 2. Image Perception. 3. Image Sampling and Quantization. 4. Image Transforms. 5. Image Representation by Stochastic Models. 6. Image Enhancement. 7. Image Filtering and Restoration. 8. Image Analysis and Computer Vision. 9. Image Reconstruction From Projections. 10. Image Data Compression.

8,504 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The image coding results, calculated from actual file sizes and images reconstructed by the decoding algorithm, are either comparable to or surpass previous results obtained through much more sophisticated and computationally complex methods.
Abstract: Embedded zerotree wavelet (EZW) coding, introduced by Shapiro (see IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol.41, no.12, p.3445, 1993), is a very effective and computationally simple technique for image compression. We offer an alternative explanation of the principles of its operation, so that the reasons for its excellent performance can be better understood. These principles are partial ordering by magnitude with a set partitioning sorting algorithm, ordered bit plane transmission, and exploitation of self-similarity across different scales of an image wavelet transform. Moreover, we present a new and different implementation based on set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT), which provides even better performance than our previously reported extension of EZW that surpassed the performance of the original EZW. The image coding results, calculated from actual file sizes and images reconstructed by the decoding algorithm, are either comparable to or surpass previous results obtained through much more sophisticated and computationally complex methods. In addition, the new coding and decoding procedures are extremely fast, and they can be made even faster, with only small loss in performance, by omitting entropy coding of the bit stream by the arithmetic code.

5,890 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Eight constructs decellularized hearts by coronary perfusion with detergents, preserved the underlying extracellular matrix, and produced an acellular, perfusable vascular architecture, competent a cellular valves and intact chamber geometry that could generate pump function in a modified working heart preparation.
Abstract: About 3,000 individuals in the United States are awaiting a donor heart; worldwide, 22 million individuals are living with heart failure. A bioartificial heart is a theoretical alternative to transplantation or mechanical left ventricular support. Generating a bioartificial heart requires engineering of cardiac architecture, appropriate cellular constituents and pump function. We decellularized hearts by coronary perfusion with detergents, preserved the underlying extracellular matrix, and produced an acellular, perfusable vascular architecture, competent acellular valves and intact chamber geometry. To mimic cardiac cell composition, we reseeded these constructs with cardiac or endothelial cells. To establish function, we maintained eight constructs for up to 28 d by coronary perfusion in a bioreactor that simulated cardiac physiology. By day 4, we observed macroscopic contractions. By day 8, under physiological load and electrical stimulation, constructs could generate pump function (equivalent to about 2% of adult or 25% of 16-week fetal heart function) in a modified working heart preparation.

2,454 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 1997
TL;DR: This paper examines automated iris recognition as a biometrically based technology for personal identification and verification from the observation that the human iris provides a particularly interesting structure on which to base a technology for noninvasive biometric assessment.
Abstract: This paper examines automated iris recognition as a biometrically based technology for personal identification and verification. The motivation for this endeavor stems from the observation that the human iris provides a particularly interesting structure on which to base a technology for noninvasive biometric assessment. In particular the biomedical literature suggests that irises are as distinct as fingerprints or patterns of retinal blood vessels. Further, since the iris is an overt body, its appearance is amenable to remote examination with the aid of a machine vision system. The body of this paper details issues in the design and operation of such systems. For the sake of illustration, extant systems are described in some amount of detail.

2,046 citations