Proceedings Article•
Image Processing
01 Jan 1994-
TL;DR: The main focus in MUCKE is on cleaning large scale Web image corpora and on proposing image representations which are closer to the human interpretation of images.
Abstract: MUCKE aims to mine a large volume of images, to structure them conceptually and to use this conceptual structuring in order to improve large-scale image retrieval. The last decade witnessed important progress concerning low-level image representations. However, there are a number problems which need to be solved in order to unleash the full potential of image mining in applications. The central problem with low-level representations is the mismatch between them and the human interpretation of image content. This problem can be instantiated, for instance, by the incapability of existing descriptors to capture spatial relationships between the concepts represented or by their incapability to convey an explanation of why two images are similar in a content-based image retrieval framework. We start by assessing existing local descriptors for image classification and by proposing to use co-occurrence matrices to better capture spatial relationships in images. The main focus in MUCKE is on cleaning large scale Web image corpora and on proposing image representations which are closer to the human interpretation of images. Consequently, we introduce methods which tackle these two problems and compare results to state of the art methods. Note: some aspects of this deliverable are withheld at this time as they are pending review. Please contact the authors for a preview.
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Book•
03 Oct 1988TL;DR: This chapter discusses two Dimensional Systems and Mathematical Preliminaries and their applications in Image Analysis and Computer Vision, as well as image reconstruction from Projections and image enhancement.
Abstract: Introduction. 1. Two Dimensional Systems and Mathematical Preliminaries. 2. Image Perception. 3. Image Sampling and Quantization. 4. Image Transforms. 5. Image Representation by Stochastic Models. 6. Image Enhancement. 7. Image Filtering and Restoration. 8. Image Analysis and Computer Vision. 9. Image Reconstruction From Projections. 10. Image Data Compression.
8,504 citations
TL;DR: The image coding results, calculated from actual file sizes and images reconstructed by the decoding algorithm, are either comparable to or surpass previous results obtained through much more sophisticated and computationally complex methods.
Abstract: Embedded zerotree wavelet (EZW) coding, introduced by Shapiro (see IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol.41, no.12, p.3445, 1993), is a very effective and computationally simple technique for image compression. We offer an alternative explanation of the principles of its operation, so that the reasons for its excellent performance can be better understood. These principles are partial ordering by magnitude with a set partitioning sorting algorithm, ordered bit plane transmission, and exploitation of self-similarity across different scales of an image wavelet transform. Moreover, we present a new and different implementation based on set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT), which provides even better performance than our previously reported extension of EZW that surpassed the performance of the original EZW. The image coding results, calculated from actual file sizes and images reconstructed by the decoding algorithm, are either comparable to or surpass previous results obtained through much more sophisticated and computationally complex methods. In addition, the new coding and decoding procedures are extremely fast, and they can be made even faster, with only small loss in performance, by omitting entropy coding of the bit stream by the arithmetic code.
5,890 citations
TL;DR: Eight constructs decellularized hearts by coronary perfusion with detergents, preserved the underlying extracellular matrix, and produced an acellular, perfusable vascular architecture, competent a cellular valves and intact chamber geometry that could generate pump function in a modified working heart preparation.
Abstract: About 3,000 individuals in the United States are awaiting a donor heart; worldwide, 22 million individuals are living with heart failure. A bioartificial heart is a theoretical alternative to transplantation or mechanical left ventricular support. Generating a bioartificial heart requires engineering of cardiac architecture, appropriate cellular constituents and pump function. We decellularized hearts by coronary perfusion with detergents, preserved the underlying extracellular matrix, and produced an acellular, perfusable vascular architecture, competent acellular valves and intact chamber geometry. To mimic cardiac cell composition, we reseeded these constructs with cardiac or endothelial cells. To establish function, we maintained eight constructs for up to 28 d by coronary perfusion in a bioreactor that simulated cardiac physiology. By day 4, we observed macroscopic contractions. By day 8, under physiological load and electrical stimulation, constructs could generate pump function (equivalent to about 2% of adult or 25% of 16-week fetal heart function) in a modified working heart preparation.
2,454 citations
01 Sep 1997
TL;DR: This paper examines automated iris recognition as a biometrically based technology for personal identification and verification from the observation that the human iris provides a particularly interesting structure on which to base a technology for noninvasive biometric assessment.
Abstract: This paper examines automated iris recognition as a biometrically based technology for personal identification and verification. The motivation for this endeavor stems from the observation that the human iris provides a particularly interesting structure on which to base a technology for noninvasive biometric assessment. In particular the biomedical literature suggests that irises are as distinct as fingerprints or patterns of retinal blood vessels. Further, since the iris is an overt body, its appearance is amenable to remote examination with the aid of a machine vision system. The body of this paper details issues in the design and operation of such systems. For the sake of illustration, extant systems are described in some amount of detail.
2,046 citations
Cites methods from "Image Processing"
...system makes us of an isotropic bandpass decomposition derived from application of Laplacian of Gaussian filters [25], [29] to the image data....
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...In practice, the filtered image is realized as a Laplacian pyramid [8], [29]....
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TL;DR: This paper identifies some promising techniques for image retrieval according to standard principles and examines implementation procedures for each technique and discusses its advantages and disadvantages.
1,910 citations
Cites background or methods from "Image Processing"
...Structural description of chromosome shape (reprinted from [14])....
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...Common invariants include (i) geometric invariants such as cross-ratio, length ratio, distance ratio, angle, area [69], triangle [70], invariants from coplanar points [14]; (ii) algebraic invariants such as determinant, eigenvalues [71], trace [14]; (iii) di<erential invariants such as curvature, torsion and Gaussian curvature....
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...Designers of shape invariants argue that although most of other shape representation techniques are invariant under similarity transformations (rotation, translation and scaling), they depend on viewpoint [14]....
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...The extracting of the convex hull can use both boundary tracing method [14] and morphological methods [11,15]....
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...Assuming the shape boundary has been represented as a shape signature z(i), the rth moment mr and central moment r can be estimated as [14]...
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References
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TL;DR: The design, synthesis and purification of novel bi-functional molecules containing DNA or RNA antisenses attached to functional groups performing RNA hydrolysis inhibit, in a dose-dependent manner, the ‘IRES-dependent’ translation in vitro.
Abstract: Hepatitis C is a major public health concern, with an estimated 170 million people infected worldwide and an urgent need for new drug development. An attractive therapeutic approach is to prevent the 'cap-independent' translation initiation of the viral proteins by interfering with both the structure and function of the hepatitis C viral internal ribosomal entry site (HCV IRES). Towards this goal, we report the design, synthesis and purification of novel bi-functional molecules containing DNA or RNA antisenses attached to functional groups performing RNA hydrolysis. These 5' or 3'-coupled conjugates bind the HCV IRES with affinity and specificity and elicit targeted hydrolysis of the viral genomic RNA after short (1 h) incubation at low (500 nM) concentration at 37 degrees C in vitro. Additional secondary cleavage sites are induced and their mapping within the RNA structure indicates that functional domains IIIb-e are excised from the IRES that, based on cryo-EM studies, becomes incapable of binding the small ribosomal subunit and initiation factor 3 (eIF3). All these molecules inhibit, in a dose-dependent manner, the 'IRES-dependent' translation in vitro. The 5'-coupled imidazole conjugate reduces viral protein synthesis by half at a 300 nM concentration (IC50), corresponding to a 4-fold increase of activity when compared to the naked oligonucleotide. These new conjugates are now being tested for activity on infected hepatic cell lines.
12 citations
TL;DR: These findings show strong support for the OGP hypothesis: the ovaries of S. cornuta females undergo differential oogenesis depending on the behavioral phase: the largest oocyte in the ovary of females building a cell progresses faster compared to that of females attending brood, and the cuticular hydrocarbon profile showed no link with ovarian status.
Abstract: The emergence of queens and workers from solitary antecedents mark a major evolutionary transition in the history of life. The solitary progressive provisioning wasp Synagris cornuta, a mem...
12 citations
01 Nov 2019
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the generated data series for zooplankton densities and size measurements, analyzed using a ZooScan plankton imaging device together with the ZooProcess and Plankton Identifier software packages.
Abstract: Through regular sampling surveys, the Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) is generating a long-term data series for the Belgian coastal water and sandbank system, a designated site in the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) network. The data series is built from sampling activities initiated in 2012 in the framework of the LifeWatch marine observatory. Nine nearshore stations are sampled monthly, with an additional eight offshore stations sampled seasonally. This paper presents the generated data series for zooplankton densities and size measurements, analysed using a ZooScan plankton imaging device together with the ZooProcess and Plankton Identifier software packages. To date 673.017 biological particles have been collected and identified. The collection and processing of the 2012-2018 dataset is described, along with its data curation and quality control. Yearly versions of the data are published in a standardized format together with environmental parameters, accompanied by an extensive metadata description and labelled with digital identifiers for traceability. The data are published under a CC-BY 4.0 license, allowing use of the data under the condition of providing the reference to the original source.
12 citations
19 Nov 2010
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a method for automatischen verkennung and verfolgung of vehicles in Fahrsituationen, as well as their ability to drive in atypical situations.
Abstract: Schwerpunkte der vorliegenden Arbeit sind die automatische Erkennung und Verfolgung von Objekten in Fahrsituationen sowie die Ableitung von potentiellen Gefahren. Hierzu werden die Daten eines Laserscanners und einer Kamera verarbeitet und fusioniert. Die Arbeit stellt neue Methoden der unmittelbaren Umfelderfassung dar und dient als Grundlage fur innovative Assistenz- und Automationssysteme im Fahrzeug. Solche Systeme unterstutzen den Fahrer zur Erhohung der Fahrsicherheit, der Verkehrseffizienz und des Komforts.
Die entwickelten Methoden sind auf unterschiedlichen Abstraktionsebenen angesiedelt:
Auf Sensordatenebene werden die Daten vorbereitet und reduziert. Insbesondere liegt der Fokus auf der Erkennung von Fahrschwankungen aus Kamerabildern und auf der Erkennung des Fahrkorridors als Interessenbereich aus den Daten mehrerer Sensoren.
Auf Objektebene findet die zentrale Datenfusion statt. Durch die Auswahl einer konkurrierenden Objektfusion wird eine hohe Sensorunabhangigkeit, Zuverlassigkeit und Verfugbarkeit erreicht. Hierzu werden im Vorfeld Objektbeobachtungen aus beiden Sensoren extrahiert. Diese werden zur Objekterkennung und -verfolgung fusioniert, mit besonderem Fokus auf die Robustheit gegenuber manovrierenden Objekten, Messausreisern, split- und merge-Effekten und der partiellen Beobachtbarkeit der Objekte.
Auf der Anwendungsebene der Arbeit wird die fruhzeitige Erkennung von potentiellen Gefahrensituationen vorgestellt. Hierzu wurde ein statistischer Ansatz entwickelt, in dem Gefahren als atypische Situationen behandelt werden. Dieser allgemeingultige und erweiterbare Ansatz wird beispielhaft auf Basis der Objektdaten umgesetzt.
Die vorgestellten Ansatze wurden systematisch entwickelt, prototypisch und modular implementiert sowie mit simulierten und realen Daten getestet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen hierbei eine Steigerung der Qualitat und Robustheit der Daten, so dass ein wichtiger Beitrag zur Verbesserung von Assistenz und Automation geleistet wird.
12 citations
TL;DR: FA levels are highest in groups for which developmental disturbances have been highest in deceased human fetuses and infants from a 20-year hospital collection, showing a significant relationship between fluctuating asymmetry, human genetic disorders and severity of the associated abnormalities.
Abstract: Aneuploidies cause gene-dosage imbalances that presumably result in a generalized decreased developmental homeostasis, which is expected to be detectable through an increase in fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of bilateral symmetric traits. However, support for the link between aneuploidy and FA is currently limited and no comparisons among different aneuploidies have been made. Here, we study FA in deceased human fetuses and infants from a 20-year hospital collection. Mean FA of limb bones was compared among groups of aneuploidies with different prenatal and postnatal survival chances and two reference groups (normal karyogram or no congenital anomalies). Limb asymmetry was 1.5 times higher for aneuploid cases with generally very short life expectancies (trisomy 13, trisomy 18, monosomy X, triploidy) than for trisomy 21 patients and both reference groups with higher life expectancies. Thus, FA levels are highest in groups for which developmental disturbances have been highest. Our results show a significant relationship between fluctuating asymmetry, human genetic disorders and severity of the associated abnormalities.
12 citations