Proceedings Articleā¢
Image Processing
01 Jan 1994-
TL;DR: The main focus in MUCKE is on cleaning large scale Web image corpora and on proposing image representations which are closer to the human interpretation of images.
Abstract: MUCKE aims to mine a large volume of images, to structure them conceptually and to use this conceptual structuring in order to improve large-scale image retrieval. The last decade witnessed important progress concerning low-level image representations. However, there are a number problems which need to be solved in order to unleash the full potential of image mining in applications. The central problem with low-level representations is the mismatch between them and the human interpretation of image content. This problem can be instantiated, for instance, by the incapability of existing descriptors to capture spatial relationships between the concepts represented or by their incapability to convey an explanation of why two images are similar in a content-based image retrieval framework. We start by assessing existing local descriptors for image classification and by proposing to use co-occurrence matrices to better capture spatial relationships in images. The main focus in MUCKE is on cleaning large scale Web image corpora and on proposing image representations which are closer to the human interpretation of images. Consequently, we introduce methods which tackle these two problems and compare results to state of the art methods. Note: some aspects of this deliverable are withheld at this time as they are pending review. Please contact the authors for a preview.
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Bookā¢
03 Oct 1988TL;DR: This chapter discusses two Dimensional Systems and Mathematical Preliminaries and their applications in Image Analysis and Computer Vision, as well as image reconstruction from Projections and image enhancement.
Abstract: Introduction. 1. Two Dimensional Systems and Mathematical Preliminaries. 2. Image Perception. 3. Image Sampling and Quantization. 4. Image Transforms. 5. Image Representation by Stochastic Models. 6. Image Enhancement. 7. Image Filtering and Restoration. 8. Image Analysis and Computer Vision. 9. Image Reconstruction From Projections. 10. Image Data Compression.
8,504Ā citations
TL;DR: The image coding results, calculated from actual file sizes and images reconstructed by the decoding algorithm, are either comparable to or surpass previous results obtained through much more sophisticated and computationally complex methods.
Abstract: Embedded zerotree wavelet (EZW) coding, introduced by Shapiro (see IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol.41, no.12, p.3445, 1993), is a very effective and computationally simple technique for image compression. We offer an alternative explanation of the principles of its operation, so that the reasons for its excellent performance can be better understood. These principles are partial ordering by magnitude with a set partitioning sorting algorithm, ordered bit plane transmission, and exploitation of self-similarity across different scales of an image wavelet transform. Moreover, we present a new and different implementation based on set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT), which provides even better performance than our previously reported extension of EZW that surpassed the performance of the original EZW. The image coding results, calculated from actual file sizes and images reconstructed by the decoding algorithm, are either comparable to or surpass previous results obtained through much more sophisticated and computationally complex methods. In addition, the new coding and decoding procedures are extremely fast, and they can be made even faster, with only small loss in performance, by omitting entropy coding of the bit stream by the arithmetic code.
5,890Ā citations
TL;DR: Eight constructs decellularized hearts by coronary perfusion with detergents, preserved the underlying extracellular matrix, and produced an acellular, perfusable vascular architecture, competent a cellular valves and intact chamber geometry that could generate pump function in a modified working heart preparation.
Abstract: About 3,000 individuals in the United States are awaiting a donor heart; worldwide, 22 million individuals are living with heart failure. A bioartificial heart is a theoretical alternative to transplantation or mechanical left ventricular support. Generating a bioartificial heart requires engineering of cardiac architecture, appropriate cellular constituents and pump function. We decellularized hearts by coronary perfusion with detergents, preserved the underlying extracellular matrix, and produced an acellular, perfusable vascular architecture, competent acellular valves and intact chamber geometry. To mimic cardiac cell composition, we reseeded these constructs with cardiac or endothelial cells. To establish function, we maintained eight constructs for up to 28 d by coronary perfusion in a bioreactor that simulated cardiac physiology. By day 4, we observed macroscopic contractions. By day 8, under physiological load and electrical stimulation, constructs could generate pump function (equivalent to about 2% of adult or 25% of 16-week fetal heart function) in a modified working heart preparation.
2,454Ā citations
01 Sep 1997
TL;DR: This paper examines automated iris recognition as a biometrically based technology for personal identification and verification from the observation that the human iris provides a particularly interesting structure on which to base a technology for noninvasive biometric assessment.
Abstract: This paper examines automated iris recognition as a biometrically based technology for personal identification and verification. The motivation for this endeavor stems from the observation that the human iris provides a particularly interesting structure on which to base a technology for noninvasive biometric assessment. In particular the biomedical literature suggests that irises are as distinct as fingerprints or patterns of retinal blood vessels. Further, since the iris is an overt body, its appearance is amenable to remote examination with the aid of a machine vision system. The body of this paper details issues in the design and operation of such systems. For the sake of illustration, extant systems are described in some amount of detail.
2,046Ā citations
Cites methods from "Image Processing"
...system makes us of an isotropic bandpass decomposition derived from application of Laplacian of Gaussian filters [25], [29] to the image data....
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...In practice, the filtered image is realized as a Laplacian pyramid [8], [29]....
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TL;DR: This paper identifies some promising techniques for image retrieval according to standard principles and examines implementation procedures for each technique and discusses its advantages and disadvantages.
1,910Ā citations
Cites background or methods from "Image Processing"
...Structural description of chromosome shape (reprinted from [14])....
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...Common invariants include (i) geometric invariants such as cross-ratio, length ratio, distance ratio, angle, area [69], triangle [70], invariants from coplanar points [14]; (ii) algebraic invariants such as determinant, eigenvalues [71], trace [14]; (iii) di<erential invariants such as curvature, torsion and Gaussian curvature....
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...Designers of shape invariants argue that although most of other shape representation techniques are invariant under similarity transformations (rotation, translation and scaling), they depend on viewpoint [14]....
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...The extracting of the convex hull can use both boundary tracing method [14] and morphological methods [11,15]....
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...Assuming the shape boundary has been represented as a shape signature z(i), the rth moment mr and central moment r can be estimated as [14]...
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References
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TL;DR: OsPSS-1 plays a potential role in mediating cell expansion by regulating secretion of cell wall components and its potential product PS (phosphatidylserine) localized to organelles associated with exocytosis.
Abstract: The uppermost internode is one of the fastest elongating organs in rice, and is expected to require an adequate supply of cell-wall materials and enzymes to the cell surface to enhance mechanical strength. Although it has been reported that the phenotype of shortened uppermost internode 1 (sui1) is caused by mutations in PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE SYNTHASE (OsPSS), the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we show that the OsPSS-1, as a gene expressed predominantly in elongating cells, regulates post-Golgi vesicle secretion to intercellular spaces. Mutation of OsPSS-1 leads to compromised delivery of CESA4 and secGFP towards the cell surface, resulting in weakened intercellular adhesion and disorganized cell arrangement in parenchyma. The phenotype of sui1-4 is caused largely by the reduction in cellulose contents in the whole plant and detrimental delivery of pectins in the uppermost internode. We found that OsPSS-1 and its potential product PS (phosphatidylserine) localized to organelles associated with exocytosis. These results together suggest that OsPSS-1 plays a potential role in mediating cell expansion by regulating secretion of cell wall components.
12Ā citations
18 Sep 2011
TL;DR: A 4-step panel label detection method based on Markov Random Field (MRF) is proposed and experiments on 515 multi-panel figures show promising results and critical challenges are identified.
Abstract: We present a method for figure-panel (subfigure) label detection and recognition in multi-panel figures extracted from biomedical articles. Figures in biomedical articles often comprise several subfigures that are identified by superimposed panel labels ('A', 'B', ...) which are referenced in the figure caption and discussion in the article body. Splitting such multi-panel figures into individual subfigures is a necessary step for improved multimodal biomedical information retrieval. Prior to feature extraction for indexing and retrieval of biomedical figures it is necessary to classify image content in each subfigure by its modality (X-ray, MRI, CT, etc.) and other relevant criteria. Subfigure labels are valuable in associating individual panels with relevant text in captions and discussion. We propose a 4-step panel label detection method based on Markov Random Field (MRF). Experiments on 515 multi-panel figures and analysis of the results show promising results. We present the successes and identify critical challenges.
12Ā citations
TL;DR: It is determined that the lethal arrest and imaginal disc phenotypes involve apoptosis, and the presence of apoptosis at the cellular level in both ade2 and Prat mutants is shown, shown by detecting TUNEL-positive nuclei in wing imaginal discs.
Abstract: The biosynthetic pathways and multiple functions of purine nucleotides are well known. However, the pathways that respond to alterations in purine nucleotide synthesis in vivo in an animal model organism have not been identified. We examined the effects of inhibiting purine de novo synthesis in vivo and in cultured cells of Drosophila melanogaster. The purine de novo synthesis gene ade2 encodes phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase (EC 6.3.5.3). An ade2 deletion, generated by P-element transposon excision, causes lethality in early pupal development, with darkening, or necrosis, of leg and wing imaginal disc tissue upon disc eversion. Together with analysis of a previously isolated weaker allele, ade24, and an allele of the Prat gene, which encodes an enzyme for the first step in the pathway, we determined that the lethal arrest and imaginal disc phenotypes involve apoptosis. A transgene expressing the baculovirus caspase inhibitor p35, which suppresses apoptosis caused by other stresses such as DNA damage, suppresses both the imaginal disc tissue darkening and the pupal lethality of all three purine de novo synthesis mutants. Furthermore, we showed the presence of apoptosis at the cellular level in both ade2 and Prat mutants by detecting TUNEL-positive nuclei in wing imaginal discs. Purine de novo synthesis inhibition was also examined in tissue culture by ade2 RNA interference followed by analysis of genome-wide changes in transcript levels. Among the upregulated genes was HtrA2, which encodes an apoptosis effector and is thus a candidate for initiating apoptosis in response to purine depletion.
12Ā citations
23 Nov 2008
TL;DR: The main goal of this paper is to present artificial neural network potential, through main ANN models and based techniques, to solve real world industrial problems dealing with Image processing and pattern recognition fields.
Abstract: The main goal of this paper is to present artificial neural network potential, through main ANN models and based techniques, to solve real world industrial problems dealing with Image processing and pattern recognition fields.
12Ā citations
13 Mar 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of statistical approaches that can be used to infer size distribution, volume number density, and volume fraction of three-dimensional ellipsoidal particles based on two-dimensional (2D) cross-sectional images are developed.
Abstract: This article develops a series of statistical approaches that can be used to infer size distribution, volume number density, and volume fraction of three-dimensional (3D) ellipsoidal particles based on two-dimensional (2D) cross-sectional images. Specifically, this article first establishes an explicit linkage between the size of the ellipsoidal particles and the size of cross-sectional elliptical contours. Then an efficient Quasi-Monte Carlo EM algorithm is developed to overcome the challenge of 3D size distribution estimation based on the established complex linkage. The relationship between the 3D and 2D particle number densities is also identified to estimate the volume number density and volume fraction. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through simulation and case studies.
12Ā citations