Book•
Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism
01 Jan 1983-
TL;DR: In this paper, Anderson examines the creation and global spread of the 'imagined communities' of nationality and explores the processes that created these communities: the territorialisation of religious faiths, the decline of antique kingship, the interaction between capitalism and print, the development of vernacular languages-of-state, and changing conceptions of time.
Abstract: What makes people love and die for nations, as well as hate and kill in their name? While many studies have been written on nationalist political movements, the sense of nationality - the personal and cultural feeling of belonging to the nation - has not received proportionate attention. In this widely acclaimed work, Benedict Anderson examines the creation and global spread of the 'imagined communities' of nationality. Anderson explores the processes that created these communities: the territorialisation of religious faiths, the decline of antique kingship, the interaction between capitalism and print, the development of vernacular languages-of-state, and changing conceptions of time. He shows how an originary nationalism born in the Americas was modularly adopted by popular movements in Europe, by the imperialist powers, and by the anti-imperialist resistances in Asia and Africa. This revised edition includes two new chapters, one of which discusses the complex role of the colonialist state's mindset in the development of Third World nationalism, while the other analyses the processes by which all over the world, nations came to imagine themselves as old.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: In a recent article in International Security entitled " Getting Asia Wrong: The Need for New Analytical Frameworks,” David Kang offers an alternative view that is both timely and provocative.
Abstract: Post–Cold War debates about Asian security have been dominated by Aaron Friedberg’s inouential image of a region seemingly “ripe for rivalry.”1 Friedberg stressed Asia’s lack of stability-enhancing mechanisms of the kind that sustains peace in Europe, such as its high levels of regional economic integration and regional institutions to mitigate and manage conoict. Other pessimists foresaw regional disorder stemming from Asian states’ attempts to balance a rising China. Taken together, such views have shaped a decade of thinking about Asian security in academic and policy circles. Now, in a recent article in International Security entitled “Getting Asia Wrong: The Need for New Analytical Frameworks,” David Kang offers an alternative view that is both timely and provocative. Kang ands that “Asian states do not appear to be balancing against . . . China. Rather they seem to be bandwagoning” (p. 58). He then presents an indigenous Asian tradition that could sustain regional order: the region’s historical acceptance of a “hierarchical” interstate order with China at its core. “Historically,” Kang suggests, “it has been Chinese weakness that has led to chaos in Asia. When China has been strong and stable, order has been preserved. East Asian regional relations have historically been hierarchic, more peaceful, and more stable than those in the West” (p. 66). After faulting Western scholarship for taking an essentially Eurocentric approach to Asian security, Kang calls for bringing international relations theory more in tune with Asian realities. He also asserts that scholars should strive for a better match between their theoretical tools and the evidence on the ground. Taking cognizance of Asia’s different pathway to national sovereignty and regional order, Kang argues, would open the door to new and exciting adWill Asia’s Past Be Its Future?
187 citations
[...]
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors call digital transition the societal process arising from the deployment and uptake of ICTs and call it the information age, a phase where the hybridization between bits and other forms of reality is so deep that it radically changes the human condition in at least four ways:
Abstract: Let's call digital transition the societal process arising from the deployment and uptake of ICTs. Indeed, with the current multiplication of devices, sensors, robots, and applications, and these emerging technologies, we have entered a new phase of the information age, a phase where the hybridization between bits and other forms of reality is so deep that it radically changes the human condition in at least four ways:
187 citations
Book•
04 Aug 2008TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the nature of learning, and the ways of learning and teaching in the context of education, and how to measure learning in terms of knowledge, knowledge and learning.
Abstract: Preface Part I. Introduction - Changing Education: 1. New learning 2. Life in schools Part II. Contexts - Changing Conditions for Learning: 3. Learning for work 4. Learning civics 5. Learning personalities Part III. Responses - Ways of Learning and Teaching: 6. The nature of learning 7. Knowledge and learning 8. Pedagogy and curriculum 9. Learning communities at work 10. Measuring learning.
186 citations
[...]
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: In this paper, the concept of national cinema and the production of national images are discussed. And the Reception of National Images is discussed as well as the role of National Cinema in National Cinema.
Abstract: Introduction 1. The Sociology of Nationalism 2. The Concept of National Cinema 3. Film Policy, Nationalism, and the State 4. The Production of National Images 5. The Reception of National Images
186 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the formation of the cosmopolitanized nations' as a facet of world risk society is investigated, with a particular focus on competing conceptions of the future, and how these cosmopolitan transformations of nationhood are taking place in the context of the emergence of a global risk society regime that marshalls a set of cosmopolitan imperatives situating the global other in our midst.
Abstract: Cosmopolitan sociology has tackled broad themes like risk, family, religion, power, war, inequality, memory, and civil society movements exploring their reconfiguration in the global age. Tellingly, the concept of the national is often perceived, both in public and scientific discourse as the central obstacle for the realization of cosmopolitan orientations. Consequently, debates about the nation tend to revolve around its persistence or its demise. We depart from this either-or perspective by investigating the formation of the cosmopolitanized nations' as a facet of world risk society. This re-imagination of nationhood evolves, among other things, in the context of global norms (e.g. human rights), globalized markets, transnational migrations and embeddedness in international organizations. Here we focus on a mechanism involving the promulgation of 'risk societies'. Modern collectivities are increasingly preoccupied with debating, preventing and managing risks. However, unlike earlier manifestations of risk characterized by daring actions or predictability models, global risks cannot be calculated or forecast anymore. Accordingly, more influence accrues to the perception of risk, largely constructed by media representations of disasters. In a first step we distinguish between a normative cosmopolitanism and analytic cosmopolitization processes. The cosmopolitanized nations, we argue, reflect a new mode of collective identification, whereby we differentiate between presumptions of thick belonging and the actual proliferation of cosmopolitan affiliations. This leads to a gradual distinction between a conventional (and naturalized) view of the national and an emerging figuration of cosmopolitan nationhood. In a second step we overcome the territorial fixation of the social sciences by shifting our attention to temporal dimensions, with a particular focus on competing conceptions of the future. Our findings suggest that cosmopolitanized nations are reimagined through the anticipation of endangered futures. In a third step we demonstrate how these cosmopolitan transformations of nationhood are taking place in the context of the emergence of a world risk society regime that marshalls a set of cosmopolitan imperatives situating the global other in our midst. In a fourth step we illustrate these developments by exploring how the mediatization of risk, and concomitant notions of the future contribute to the re-imagination of cosmopolitan risk collectivities.
186 citations