Imaging nonmelanoma skin cancers with combined ultrasound-photoacoustic microscopy
13 Mar 2013-Proceedings of SPIE (International Society for Optics and Photonics)-Vol. 8568, pp 856816
TL;DR: Combined ultrasound-photoacoustic microscopy is utilized for imaging a basal cell carcinoma (BCC) tumor pre-PDT and the results indicate that combined ultrasound- photoacoustic imaging can be useful tool for PDT planning by providing both structural and functional contrasts.
Abstract: PDT has become a treatment of choice especially for the cases with multiple sites and large areas. However, the efficacy
of PDT is limited for thicker and deeper tumors. Depth and size information as well as vascularity can provide useful
information to clinicians for planning and evaluating PDT. High-resolution ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging can
provide information regarding skin structure and vascularity. We utilized combined ultrasound-photoacoustic
microscopy for imaging a basal cell carcinoma (BCC) tumor pre-PDT and the results indicate that combined ultrasound-photoacoustic
imaging can be useful tool for PDT planning by providing both structural and functional contrasts.
References
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TL;DR: It is shown here that transgenic mice overexpressing SHH in the skin develop many features of basal cell nevus syndrome, demonstrating that SHH is sufficient to induce basal cell carcinomas in mice, suggesting thatSHH may have a role in human tumorigenesis.
Abstract: Mutations in the tumor suppressor gene PATCHED (PTC) are found in human patients with the basal cell nevus syndrome, a disease causing developmental defects and tumors, including basal cell carcinomas. Gene regulatory relationships defined in the fruit fly Drosophila suggest that overproduction of Sonic hedgehog (SHH), the ligand for PTC, will mimic loss of ptc function. It is shown here that transgenic mice overexpressing SHH in the skin develop many features of basal cell nevus syndrome, demonstrating that SHH is sufficient to induce basal cell carcinomas in mice. These data suggest that SHH may have a role in human tumorigenesis.
727 citations
TL;DR: Reflection-mode photoacoustic microscopy with dark-field laser pulse illumination and high-numerical-aperture ultrasonic detection is designed and implemented in noninvasively imaged blood vessels in the skin in vivo, capable of imaging optical-absorption contrast as deep as 3 mm in biological tissue.
Abstract: Reflection-mode photoacoustic microscopy with dark-field laser pulse illumination and high-numerical-aperture ultrasonic detection is designed and implemented in noninvasively imaged blood vessels in the skin in vivo. Dark-field optical illumination minimizes the interference caused by strong photoacoustic signals from superficial structures. A high-numerical-aperture acoustic lens provides high lateral resolution, 45–120μm in this system. A broadband ultrasonic detection system provides high axial resolution, estimated to be ∼15μm. The optical illumination and ultrasonic detection are in a coaxial confocal configuration for optimal image quality. The system is capable of imaging optical-absorption contrast as deep as 3mm in biological tissue.
424 citations
"Imaging nonmelanoma skin cancers wi..." refers background or methods in this paper
...PAI can quantify high resolution vasculature with achievable spatial resolution of ~50μm at ~3mm depth [4], thus has certain advantages for noninvasive imaging of skin malignancies in clinical settings....
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..., hemoglobin in blood), leading to thermoelastic expansion and generation of sound waves that can be detected by an ultrasound transducer [4,5]....
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...For skin cancer imaging we constructed a 25MHz ultrasound and dark-field photoacoustic microscopy system based on a previous designs [8, 4]....
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TL;DR: Gli2 is established as a potent oncogene in skin and a pivotal role for this transcription factor in the development of human BCC is suggested, suggesting a specific downstream effector in the Shh pathway leading to cancer development is unknown.
Abstract: Approximately 1,000,000 epithelial skin cancers are diagnosed in the United States each year and most are basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). The pathogenesis of these tumours involves constitutive activation of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signalling pathway (for review, see ref. 1). In many BCCs this can be attributed to loss-of-function mutations of PTCH (refs 2,3), which encodes a SHH receptor and antagonist. The specific downstream effector in the Shh pathway leading to cancer development is unknown. Here we show that transgenic mice overexpressing the transcription factor Gli2 in cutaneous keratinocytes develop multiple BCCs. These results establish Gli2 as a potent oncogene in skin and suggest a pivotal role for this transcription factor in the development of human BCC.
418 citations
"Imaging nonmelanoma skin cancers wi..." refers background in this paper
...For Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) model, transgenic Gli mice which activates Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway and overexpress Gli2 transciption factor, which leads to spontaneous development of multiple BCC in the skin [6,7]....
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TL;DR: Two types of ultrasound-mediated biophotonic imaging are reviewed–acousto-optical tomography and photo-acoustic tomography–both of which are based on non-ionizing optical and ultrasonic waves.
Abstract: This article reviews two types of ultrasound-mediated biophotonic imaging–acousto-optical tomography (AOT, also called ultrasound-modulated optical tomography) and photo-acoustic tomography (PAT, also called opto-acoustic or thermo-acoustic tomography)–both of which are based on non-ionizing optical and ultrasonic waves. The goal of these technologies is to combine the contrast advantage of the optical properties and the resolution advantage of ultrasound. In these two technologies, the imaging contrast is based primarily on the optical properties of biological tissues, and the imaging resolution is based primarily on the ultrasonic waves that either are provided externally or produced internally, within the biological tissues. In fact, ultrasonic mediation overcomes both the resolution disadvantage of pure optical imaging in thick tissues and the contrast and speckle disadvantages of pure ultrasonic imaging. In our discussion of AOT, the relationship between modulation depth and acoustic amplitude is clarified. Potential clinical applications of ultrasound-mediated biophotonic imaging include early cancer detection, functional imaging, and molecular imaging.
249 citations
"Imaging nonmelanoma skin cancers wi..." refers background in this paper
..., hemoglobin in blood), leading to thermoelastic expansion and generation of sound waves that can be detected by an ultrasound transducer [4,5]....
[...]
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the clinical application and use of high-frequency, high-resolution ultrasound in Mohs micrographic surgery and evaluated the ability of ultrasound to assess the skin.
Abstract: BACKGROUNDAlthough ultrasound imaging is employed ubiquitously today, its use to examine and assess the skin is a relatively new technology. We explored the clinical application and use of high-frequency, high-resolution ultrasound in Mohs micrographic surgery.OBJECTIVETo evaluate the ability of ult
68 citations