Journal ArticleDOI
Imaging standing waves in a two-dimensional electron gas
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In this paper, standing-wave patterns in the local density of states of the Cu(lll) surface using the scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) at low temperature were observed.Abstract:
ELECTRONS occupying surface states on the close-packed surfaces of noble metals form a two-dimensional nearly free electron gas1–3. These states can be probed using the scanning tunnelling microscope (STM), providing a unique opportunity to study the local properties of electrons in low-dimensional systems4. Here we report the direct observation of standing-wave patterns in the local density of states of the Cu(lll) surface using the STM at low temperature. These spatial oscillations are quantum-mechanical interference patterns caused by scattering of the two-dimensional electron gas off step edges and point defects. Analysis of the spatial oscillations gives an independent measure of the surface state dispersion, as well as insight into the interaction between surface-state electrons and scattering sites on the surface.read more
Citations
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Confinement of electrons to quantum corrals on a metal surface.
TL;DR: Tuning spectroscopy performed inside of the corrals revealed a series of discrete resonances, providing evidence for size quantization and STM images show that the corral's interior local density of states is dominated by the eigenstate density expected for an electron trapped in a round two-dimensional box.
Journal ArticleDOI
How to detect fluctuating stripes in the high-temperature superconductors
Steven A. Kivelson,Ian P. Bindloss,Eduardo Fradkin,Vadim Oganesyan,John M. Tranquada,Aharon Kapitulnik,C. Howald +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare and contrast the advantages of two limiting perspectives on the high-temperature superconductor: weak coupling, in which correlation effects are treated as a perturbation on an underlying metallic (although renormalized) Fermi-liquid state, and strong coupling, where the magnetism is associated with well defined localized spins, and stripes are viewed as a form of micro phase separation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Topological surface states protected from backscattering by chiral spin texture
Pedram Roushan,Jungpil Seo,Colin V. Parker,Yew San Hor,David Hsieh,Dong Qian,Anthony Richardella,M. Z. Hasan,Robert J. Cava,Ali Yazdani +9 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the chiral nature of these states protects the spin of the carriers, potentially useful for spin-based electronics, in which long spin coherence is critical, and also for quantum computing applications, where topological protection can enable fault-tolerant information processing.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tunneling into a single magnetic atom: spectroscopic evidence of the kondo resonance
TL;DR: Spectroscopic measurements performed on individual cobalt atoms on the surface of gold show an energetically narrow feature that is identified as the Kondo resonance-the predicted response of a Kondo impurity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Origin of spatial charge inhomogeneity in graphene
Yuanbo Zhang,Victor W. Brar,Victor W. Brar,Caglar Girit,Caglar Girit,Alex Zettl,Alex Zettl,Michael F. Crommie,Michael F. Crommie +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a Dirac point mapping technique was used to determine the origin of charge inhomogeneities in graphene, and it was shown that fluctuations in graphene charge density are caused not by topographic corrugations, but rather by charge-donating impurities below the graphene.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Theory of the scanning tunneling microscope
Jerry Tersoff,D. R. Hamann +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a metal tip is scanned along the surface while ad justing its height to maintain constant vacuum tunneling current, and a contour map of the surface is generated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Positioning single atoms with a scanning tunnelling microscope
D. M. Eigler,E. K. Schweizer +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, Binnig and Rohrer used the scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) to position individual xenon atoms on a single-crystal nickel surface with atomic pre-cision.
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Principles of the theory of solids
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a list of superconductivity properties of solids with respect to periodic structure, lattice wave properties, electron states, and electron-electron interaction.
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Physics at Surfaces
TL;DR: Physics at Surfaces as discussed by the authors is a unique graduate-level introduction to the physics and chemical physics of solid surfaces and atoms and molecules that interact with solid surfaces, and it provides a synthesis of the entire field of surface physics from the perspective of a modern condensed matter physicist with a healthy interest in chemical physics.