Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China.
Citations
3,909 citations
3,011 citations
Cites background from "Immediate Psychological Responses a..."
...For example, persons with negative coping styles, cyclothymic, depressive, and anxious temperaments exhibit greater susceptibility to psychological outcomes (Wang et al., 2020; Moccia et al., 2020)....
[...]
...Individuals with positive coping styles, secure and avoidant attachment styles usually presented fewer symptoms of anxiety and stress (Wang et al., 2020; Moccia et al., 2020)....
[...]
..., younger age groups and female gender are more likely to develop psychological distress) (Qiu et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020)....
[...]
...Other predictive factors included being migrant workers, profound regional severity of the outbreak, unmarried status, the history of visiting Wuhan in the past month, higher self-perceived impacts of the epidemic (Qiu et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020)....
[...]
2,359 citations
Cites background from "Immediate Psychological Responses a..."
...Four studies, all from Chinese centres, examined the frequency of specific mental health-related variables in persons affected by the COVID-19 outbreak (Wang et al., 2020; Xiao et al., 2020a; Li et al., 2020; Xiao et al., 2020b)....
[...]
...…suggestive of COVID-19, and poor perceived health were associated with higher rates of anxiety and depression; on the other hand, the availability of accurate information and the use of specific preventive measures, such as hand-washing, seemed to mitigate these effects (Wang et al., 2020)....
[...]
2,306 citations
2,133 citations
Cites background from "Immediate Psychological Responses a..."
...In addition, anxiety levels are significantly higher in people with at least one family member, relative, or a friend with the COVID-19 disease [21, 24, 42]....
[...]
...number of people who have improved and the progress of medications and vaccines, can reduce anxiety levels [42]....
[...]
...Previous research works had shown that medical history and chronic illnesses are associated with increased psychiatric distress levels [42, 47]....
[...]
References
304 citations
282 citations
"Immediate Psychological Responses a..." refers background in this paper
...During the SARS outbreak, many studies investigated the psychological impact on the non-infected community, revealing significant psychiatric morbidities which were found to be associated with younger age and increased self-blame [20]....
[...]
271 citations
"Immediate Psychological Responses a..." refers background in this paper
...For the anxiety subscale, 770 (63.6%) were considered to have a normal score (score: 0-6); 91 (7.5%) were considered to suffer from mild anxiety (score: 7-9); 247 (20.4%) were considered to suffer from moderate anxiety (score: [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] ; and 102 (8.4%) were considered to suffer from severe and extremely severe anxiety (score: ....
[...]
...The total stress subscale score was divided into normal (0-10), mild stress (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) , moderate stress (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) , severe stress (27) (28) (29) (30) (31) (32) (33) (34) , and extremely severe stress (35) (36) (37) (38) (39) (40) (41) (42) ....
[...]
...Questions 1, 6, 8, 11, 12, 14, and 18 formed the stress subscale....
[...]
...The total anxiety subscale score was divided into normal (0-6), mild anxiety (7-9), moderate anxiety (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) , severe anxiety (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) , and extremely severe anxiety ....
[...]
...The total depression subscale score was divided into normal (0-9), mild depression (10) (11) (12) , moderate depression (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) , severe depression (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) (27) , and extremely severe depression (28) (29) (30) (31) (32) (33) (34) (35) (36) (37) (38) (39) (40) (41) (42) ....
[...]
251 citations
"Immediate Psychological Responses a..." refers background in this paper
...On an individual level, people are likely to experience fear of falling sick or dying themselves, feelings of helplessness, and stigma [17]....
[...]
218 citations