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Immigrant America: A Portrait
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an overall picture of immigration in the United States and explore points of destination patterns of settlement and the formation and function of new ethnic communities in urban areas; the incorporation of immigrants in the U.S. economy; immigrant politics; psychological aspects of immigration; the learning of English; and the origins of illegal immigrants.
Abstract: The authors present an overall picture of immigration in the United States. The first chapter describes migrant characteristics and countries of origin. The following chapters explore points of destination patterns of settlement and the formation and function of new ethnic communities in urban areas; the incorporation of immigrants in the U.S. economy; immigrant politics; psychological aspects of immigration; the learning of English; and the origins of illegal immigrants. (ANNOTATION)
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TL;DR: It is argued that assimilation theory has not lost its utility for the study of contemporary immigration to the United States and some of the evidence about the socioeconomic and residential assimilation of recent immigrant groups is sifted through.
Abstract: Assimilation theory has been subject to intensive critique for decades. Yet no other framework has provided the social science community with as deep a corpus of cumulative findings concerning the incorporation of immigrants and their descendants. We argue that assimilation theory has not lost its utility for the study of contemporary immigration to the United States. In making our case, we review critically the canonical account of assimilation provided by Milton Gordon and others ; we refer to Shibutani and Kwan's theory of ethnic stratification to suggest some directions to take in reformulating assimilation theory. We also examine some of the arguments frequently made to distinguish between the earlier mass immigration of Europeans and the immigration of the contemporary era and find them to be inconclusive. Finally, we sift through some of the evidence about the socioeconomic and residential assimilation of recent immigrant groups. Though the record is clearly mixed, we find evidence consistent with the view that assimilation is taking place, albeit unevenly
1,984 citations
TL;DR: An expanded operationalization of acculturation is needed to address the "immigrant paradox," whereby international migrants with more exposure to the receiving cultural context report poorer mental and physical health outcomes.
Abstract: This article presents an expanded model of acculturation among international migrants and their immediate descendants. Acculturation is proposed as a multidimensional process consisting of the confluence among heritage-cultural and receiving-cultural practices, values, and identifications. The implications of this reconceptualization for the acculturation construct, as well as for its relationship to psychosocial and health outcomes, are discussed. In particular, an expanded operationalization of acculturation is needed to address the "immigrant paradox," whereby international migrants with more exposure to the receiving cultural context report poorer mental and physical health outcomes. We discuss the role of ethnicity, cultural similarity, and discrimination in the acculturation process, offer an operational definition for context of reception, and call for studies on the role that context of reception plays in the acculturation process. The new perspective on acculturation presented in this article is intended to yield a fuller understanding of complex acculturation processes and their relationships to contextual and individual functioning.
1,757 citations
Cites background from "Immigrant America: A Portrait"
...The United States, for example, is experiencing a massive wave of immigration larger than the great immigrant waves of the 19th and early 20th centuries, and in contrast to those earlier waves, the current wave is unlikely to be cut off by restrictive legislation in the near term (Portes & Rumbaut, 2006)....
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TL;DR: The issues and controversies surrounding the development of the segmented assimilation theory are examined and the state of recent empirical research relevant to this theoretical approach is reviewed.
Abstract: The segmented assimilation theory offers a theoretical framework for understanding the process by which the new second generation – the children of contemporary immigrants – becomes incorporated in
1,413 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine methodological nationalism, a conceptual tendency that was central to the development of the social sciences and undermined more than a century of migration studies, and argue that transnational studies have their own contradictions that may reintroduce methodological nationalism in other guises.
Abstract: The article examines methodological nationalism, a conceptual tendency that was central to the development of the social sciences and undermined more than a century of migration studies. Methodological nationalism is the naturalization of the global regime of nation-states by the social sciences. Transnational studies, we argue, including the study of transnational migration, is linked to periods of intense globalization such as the turn of the twenty-first century. Yet transnational studies have their own contradictions that may reintroduce methodological nationalism in other guises. In studying migration, the challenge is to avoid both extreme fluidism and the bounds of nationalist thought.
1,088 citations
TL;DR: The authors discusses the ways in which conventional theoretical perspectives about immigrant adaptation are being challenged and alternative frameworks are being developed, and highlights the main conclusions from prior research and their theoretical and practical implications for future studies.
Abstract: Since the 1980s, immigrant children and children of immigrant parentage have become the fastest growing and the most extraordinarily diverse segment of America’s child population. Until the recent past, however, scholarly attention has focused on adult immigrants to the neglect of their offspring, creating a profound gap between the strategic importance of the new second generation and the knowledge about its socioeconomic circumstances. The purpose of this article is to pull together existing studies that bear directly or indirectly on children’s immigrant experiences and adaptational outcomes and to place these studies into a general framework that can facilitate a better understanding of the new second generation. The article first describes the changing trends in the contexts of the reception the new second generation has encountered. The article then discusses the ways in which conventional theoretical perspectives about immigrant adaptation are being challenged and alternative frameworks are being developed. Thirdly, it examines empirical findings from recent research and evaluates their contribution to the sociology of immigration. Finally, it highlights the main conclusions from prior research and their theoretical and practical implications for future studies.
1,079 citations
References
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TL;DR: A concept of an n -person game in which each player has a finite set of pure strategies and in which a definite set of payments to the n players corresponds to each n -tuple ofpure strategies, one strategy being taken for each player.
Abstract: One may define a concept of an n -person game in which each player has a finite set of pure strategies and in which a definite set of payments to the n players corresponds to each n -tuple of pure strategies, one strategy being taken for each player. For mixed strategies, which are probability distributions over the pure strategies, the pay-off functions are the expectations of the players, thus becoming polylinear forms …
7,047 citations
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47 citations