Immigrant Social Policy in the American States: Race Politics and State TANF and Medicaid Eligibility Rules for Legal Permanent Residents
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This paper examined differences in the drivers of state Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and Medicaid immigrant eligibility policies, determined in the wake of the 1996 Welfare Reform, and found that differences in incentive structures of the two programs may affect the way race politics influence each.Abstract:
This article examines differences in the drivers of state Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and Medicaid immigrant eligibility policies, determined in the wake of the 1996 Welfare Reform. The findings show that differences in the incentive structures of the two programs may affect the way race politics influence each. Specifically, race is a strong negative correlate for TANF inclusion of immigrants as states with large African American populations were more likely to exclude legal permanent residents from the program. In the case of Medicaid, the size of the immigrant population is a strong positive correlate for inclusion. The effect of the size of the black population, although negative, is small and not significant. The study confirms extant research findings that ideological factors play an important role in the formation of both policies.read more
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References
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When Affirmative Action Was White: An Untold History of Racial Inequality in Twentieth-Century America
TL;DR: The authors showed that all the key programs passed during the New Deal and Fair Deal era of the 1930s and 1940s were created in a deeply discriminatory manner, and that the gap between blacks and whites actually widened despite postwar prosperity.
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TL;DR: This article investigated if the location choices made by immigrants when they arrive in the United States are influenced by the interstate dispersion in welfare benefits and found that welfare recipients are indeed more heavily clustered in high-benefit states than the immigrants who do not receive welfare, or than natives.
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Setting the terms of relief: Explaining state policy choices in the devolution revolution
TL;DR: Howard et al. as discussed by the authors investigated the factors that led states to make restrictive policy choices after 1996 and used this analysis to evaluate general -theories of welfare politics and found that state policies have been shaped by a variety of social and political forces, but especially by the racial composition of families who rely on program benefits.
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