Journal ArticleDOI
Immune interactions between mosquitoes and their hosts
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TLDR
The understanding of the interplay between mosquitoes and the immune system of their hosts is still in its infancy, but it is clear that there is great potential for exploiting this interplay in the control of mosquito‐borne diseases.Abstract:
The intimate contact between mosquitoes and the immune system of their hosts is generally not considered important because of the transient nature of mosquito feeding. However, when hosts are exposed to many feeding mosquitoes, they develop immune responses against a range of salivary antigens. Understanding the importance of these responses will provide new tools for monitoring vector populations and identifying individuals at risk of mosquito-borne diseases, and allow the development of novel methods for monitoring control and mosquito-release programmes. Antibodies targeting the mosquito midgut are also important in the development of mosquito vaccines. The feasibility of this approach has been demonstrated and future research opportunities are considered in this review. The potential impact of mosquito vaccines is also discussed. Our understanding of the interplay between mosquitoes and the immune system of their hosts is still in its infancy, but it is clear that there is great potential for exploiting this interplay in the control of mosquito-borne diseases.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The enhancement of arbovirus transmission and disease by mosquito saliva is associated with modulation of the host immune response.
TL;DR: Mosquito saliva can impair the antiviral immune response, thus affecting viral infectiousness and host survival, andMounting evidence suggests that this is a mechanism whereby arbovirus pathogenicity is enhanced.
Journal ArticleDOI
Implication of haematophagous arthropod salivary proteins in host-vector interactions
Albin Fontaine,Ibrahima Diouf,Nawal Bakkali,Dorothée Missé,Frédéric Pagès,Thierry Fusai,Christophe Rogier,Lionel Almeras +7 more
TL;DR: The potential biological and epidemiological applications of these immunogenic salivary molecules will be discussed with an emphasis on their use as biomarkers of exposure to haematophagous arthropod bites or vaccine candidates that are liable to improve host protection against vector-borne diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mosquito Saliva Causes Enhancement of West Nile Virus Infection in Mice
Linda M. Styer,Linda M. Styer,Pei-Yin Lim,Pei-Yin Lim,Karen L. Louie,Karen L. Louie,Rebecca G. Albright,Laura D. Kramer,Laura D. Kramer,Kristen A. Bernard,Kristen A. Bernard,Kristen A. Bernard +11 more
TL;DR: It is found that mice infected with WNV through the bite of a single infected Culex tarsalis mosquito exhibited 5- to 10-fold-higher viremia and tissue titers at 24 and 48 h postinoculation and faster neuroinvasion than mice given a median mosquito-inoculated dose of WNV by needle.
Journal ArticleDOI
Uninfected mosquito bites confer protection against infection with malaria parasites.
Michael J. Donovan,Andrew S. Messmore,Deborah A. Scrafford,David L. Sacks,Shaden Kamhawi,Mary Ann McDowell +5 more
TL;DR: Exposure to bites from uninfected mosquitoes prior to Plasmodium yoelii infection influences the local and systemic immune responses and limits parasite development within the host, and the addition of mosquito salivary components to antimalaria vaccines may be a viable strategy for creating a Th1-biased environment known to be effective against malaria infection.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
Heterogeneities in the transmission of infectious agents: implications for the design of control programs.
Mark E. J. Woolhouse,Christopher Dye,J.-F. Etard,Thomas J. Smith,J.D. Charlwood,G. P. Garnett,Paul Hagan,J. L. K. Hii,Patricia D. Ndhlovu,Rupert J. Quinnell,Charlotte Watts,S. K. Chandiwana,Roy M. Anderson +12 more
TL;DR: From an analysis of the distributions of measures of transmission rates among hosts, an empirical relationship is identified suggesting that, typically, 20% of the host population contributes at least 80%" of the net transmission potential, as measured by the basic reproduction number, R0.
Heterogeneities in the transmission of infectious agents: Implications for the design of control programs (basic reproduction numberyHIV/AIDSyleishmaniasisymalariayschistosomiasis)
TL;DR: The authors of as discussed by the authors show that, typically, 20% of the host population contributes at least 80% of transmission potential, as measured by the basic reproduction number, R 0.
Journal ArticleDOI
Community-wide effects of permethrin-treated bed nets on child mortality and malaria morbidity in western kenya
William A. Hawley,Penelope A. Phillips-Howard,Feiko O. ter Kuile,Dianne J. Terlouw,John M. Vulule,Maurice Ombok,Bernard L. Nahlen,John E. Gimnig,Simon Kariuki,Margarette S. Kolczak,Allen W. Hightower +10 more
TL;DR: In areas with intense malaria transmission with high ITN coverage, the primary effect of insecticide-treated nets is via area-wide effects on the mosquito population and not, as commonly supposed, by simple imposition of a physical barrier protecting individuals from biting.
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