Immune modulation of T-cell and NK (natural killer) cell activities by TEXs (tumour-derived exosomes)
Citations
3,690 citations
Cites background from "Immune modulation of T-cell and NK ..."
...On the other hand, NK cell function can be downregulated by EVs containing the NKG2D ligands MICA/B (MHC class I-related chains [MIC] A/B (127,437,438)....
[...]
...EVs were enriched in highly mannosylated epitopes, including complex Nglycans, N-acetyl lactosamine, sialylated and fucosylated epitopes, while blood group antigens A/B were excluded....
[...]
561 citations
511 citations
Cites background from "Immune modulation of T-cell and NK ..."
...TAA carried by exosomes, which are readily taken up by DCs, could thus be delivered to the antigen-processing machinery (APM), leading to effective presentation of the antigens on the MHC molecules to cognate T cells....
[...]
...Exosomes can act as adjuvants for anti-tumor immune responses Tumor or normal cell-derived exosomes can also stimulate anti-tumor immune responses and act as antigen-presenting vesicles capable of delivering TAA to dendritic cells (DCs) [21, 40, 122, 149]....
[...]
...However, in addition to this immunosuppressive cargo, tumor-derived exosomes also carry tumor-associated antigens (TAA), co-stimulatory molecules and the MHC components, which enable them to stimulate immune cells and promote anti-tumor responses [38–40]....
[...]
...Because tumor-derived exosomes carry membrane-embedded molecules which mimic those in parent tumor cells [70], antibodies recognizing tumor-associated antigens (TAA) can be coated on beads and used for exosome capture [71]....
[...]
...10.1 Interference with antibody-based therapies Because tumor-derived exosomes carry TAA, they can efficiently bind and sequester tumorreactive antibodies (Abs) used for immunotherapy and dramatically reduce binding of these Abs to tumor cells....
[...]
475 citations
468 citations
References
10,602 citations
4,380 citations
3,441 citations
3,076 citations
2,133 citations