Impact of Nakagamim Fading Model on Multihop Mobile Ad Hoc Network
About: This article is published in International Journal of Computer Applications.The article was published on 2011-07-31 and is currently open access. It has received 5 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing & Optimized Link State Routing Protocol.
Citations
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01 Aug 2015
TL;DR: This paper has analyzed the performance of multiple antenna cooperative spectrum sharing protocol under Nakagami-m Fading and shown the impact of power allocation factor and parameter m on the region of secondary spectrum access, conventionally defined as critical radius for the secondary system.
Abstract: In a cooperative spectrum sharing (CSS) protocol, two wireless systems operate over the same frequency band albeit with different priorities. The secondary (or cognitive) system which has a lower priority, helps the higher priority primary system to achieve its target rate by acting as a relay and allocating a fraction of its power to forward the primary signal. The secondary system in return is benefited by transmitting its own data on primary system's spectrum. In this paper, we have analyzed the performance of multiple antenna cooperative spectrum sharing protocol under Nakagami-m Fading. Closed form expressions for outage probability have been obtained by varying the parameters m and Ω of the Nakagami-m fading channels. Apart from above, we have shown the impact of power allocation factor (α) and parameter m on the region of secondary spectrum access, conventionally defined as critical radius for the secondary system. A comparison between theoretical and simulated results is also presented to corroborate the theoretical results obtained in this paper.
6 citations
Additional excerpts
...5 represents one-sided Gaussian fading [5]....
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TL;DR: The aim of the proposed scheme is to predict the best optimal path and maintain the consistent path to enhance the Quality of Service (QoS) in real-time communication to improve efficient traffic on the road.
Abstract: In a wireless communication system, due to the presence of the surrounding objects, the amplitude of the received signal rapidly changes by reflection, diffraction, and scattering and noise is added to the received signal. This prompts multipath fading and interference, which affects the quality of communication. The proposed Adaptive Routing Scheme (ARS) considers the algorithm Reliable Routing (RR) using Average Bit Error Rate expressed in Nakagami-m fading channel (ABERN-m) to predict the quality of the link, the Energy Efficient Routing (EER) calculates Remaining Battery Energy (RBE) to extend the network lifetime. The Canberra Distance Measure (CDM) is used instead of Euclidean Distance Measure (EDM) to improve the accuracy of distance measurement in mobile nodes. The aim of the proposed scheme is to predict the best optimal path and maintain the consistent path to enhance the Quality of Service (QoS) in real-time communication to improve efficient traffic on the road.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this study, a fuzzy inventory model of type (s, S) is considered and the membership function of the fuzzy renewal function when the amount of demand has Nakagami distribution with a fuzzy spread parameter is obtained.
Abstract: In this study, a fuzzy inventory model of type (s, S) is considered under Nakagami distribution of demands. We first obtain the membership function of the fuzzy renewal function when the amount of demand has Nakagami distribution with a fuzzy spread parameter. By using fuzzy renewal function, we obtain the fuzzy ergodic distribution of this process. Also some numerical results are obtained with the use of this membership function.
3 citations
TL;DR: This paper introduces a novel Learning Medium Access Control (L-MAC) for multi-rate UAVs and equip the ground station with Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) capability to achieve up to five times higher throughput as compared to the well-known Aloha protocol.
Abstract: This paper considers a swarm of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) managed by a ground station.
These UAVs may experience highly varying channel gains and collisions when they transmit to the ground station. To this end, we introduce a novel Learning Medium Access Control (L-MAC) for multi-rate UAVs and equip the ground station with Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) capability. The ground station uses L-MAC to learn a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) schedule/frame length that yields the highest throughput.
UAVs, on the other hand, use L-MAC to learn the best transmission slot and data rate for a given frame length. Our extensive simulation results show that L-MAC achieves up to five times higher throughput as compared to the well-known Aloha protocol. Specifically, L-MAC achieves a throughput of 500 kbps as compared to 100 kbps for Aloha.
In comparison, Aloha with SIC achieves a throughput of 300 kbps for the same network scenario. On the other hand, the throughput of L-MAC is as most half that of the case when the ground station has perfect channel state information.
Our results also show that the frame length is always set to around 60–75% of the total number of UAVs.
2 citations
Dissertation•
07 Dec 2015
TL;DR: It has been shown that significant performance gains can be obtained for both primary and secondary user by using RF energy harvesting, and a novel approach to solve the power issues in secondary user is proposed by utilizing technique such as RF (radio frequency) energy harvesting.
Abstract: With the exponential increase in wireless applications, there arises the need to utilize the spectrum more efficiently. Cooperative spectrum sharing (CSS) schemes have been proposed as a viable framework for cognitive radio where, an unlicensed (secondary) user can access the spectrum of licensed (primary) user, on the condition that unlicensed user will help the licensed user in achieving the target rate of communication. While sharing the spectrum, primary user always has higher priority. In the proposed work, a two phase CSS scheme is proposed, where secondary’s transmitter equipped with multiple antennas uses transmit antenna selection to improve the primary’s performance by reducing the interference level of secondary signal at primary receiver. Moreover, a three phase interference cancellation CSS scheme using STBC (Space time block code) is also proposed. It has been shown that the proposed scheme helps in achieving diversity gain of three and two for primary and secondary system respectively. Apart from above, we have also proposed a novel approach to solve the power issues in secondary user by utilizing technique such as RF (radio frequency) energy harvesting. Specifically, we have shown that significant performance gains can be obtained for both primary and secondary user by using RF energy harvesting.
References
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Book•
15 Jan 1996
TL;DR: WireWireless Communications: Principles and Practice, Second Edition is the definitive modern text for wireless communications technology and system design as discussed by the authors, which covers the fundamental issues impacting all wireless networks and reviews virtually every important new wireless standard and technological development, offering especially comprehensive coverage of the 3G systems and wireless local area networks (WLANs).
Abstract: From the Publisher:
The indispensable guide to wireless communicationsnow fully revised and updated!
Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, Second Edition is the definitive modern text for wireless communications technology and system design. Building on his classic first edition, Theodore S. Rappaport covers the fundamental issues impacting all wireless networks and reviews virtually every important new wireless standard and technological development, offering especially comprehensive coverage of the 3G systems and wireless local area networks (WLANs) that will transform communications in the coming years. Rappaport illustrates each key concept with practical examples, thoroughly explained and solved step by step.
Coverage includes:
An overview of key wireless technologies: voice, data, cordless, paging, fixed and mobile broadband wireless systems, and beyond
Wireless system design fundamentals: channel assignment, handoffs, trunking efficiency, interference, frequency reuse, capacity planning, large-scale fading, and more
Path loss, small-scale fading, multipath, reflection, diffraction, scattering, shadowing, spatial-temporal channel modeling, and microcell/indoor propagation
Modulation, equalization, diversity, channel coding, and speech coding
New wireless LAN technologies: IEEE 802.11a/b, HIPERLAN, BRAN, and other alternatives
New 3G air interface standards, including W-CDMA, cdma2000, GPRS, UMTS, and EDGE
Bluetooth wearable computers, fixed wireless and Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS), and other advanced technologies
Updated glossary of abbreviations and acronyms, and a thorolist of references
Dozens of new examples and end-of-chapter problems
Whether you're a communications/network professional, manager, researcher, or student, Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, Second Edition gives you an in-depth understanding of the state of the art in wireless technologytoday's and tomorrow's.
17,102 citations
01 Jan 1960
TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized the principal results of a series of statistical studies in the last seven years on the intensity distributions due to rapid fading, and presented an extremely simplified method for estimating the improvement available from various systems of diversity reception.
Abstract: This paper summarizes the principal results of a series of statistical studies in the last seven years on the intensity distributions due to rapid fading The method of derivation and the principal characteristics of the m-distribution, originally found in our hf experiments and described by the author, are outlined Its applicability to both ionospheric and tropospheric modes of propagation is fairly well confirmed by some observations Its theoretical background is also discussed in detail A theoretical interpretation of the log-normal distribution is given on the basis of this formula An extremely simplified method is presented for estimating the improvement available from various systems of diversity reception The mutual dependences between the m-formula and other basic distributions are fully discussed Some generalized forms of the basic distributions are also investigated in relation to the m-formula Two methods of approximating a given function with the m-distribution are shown The joint distribution of two variables, each of which follows the m-distribution, is derived in two different ways Based on this, some useful associated distributions are also discussed
2,441 citations
01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: It is shown that if n nodes are placed in a disc of unit area in !
Abstract: In wireless data networks each transmitter’s power needs to be high enough to reach the intended receivers, while generating minimum interference on other receivers sharing the same channel. In particular, if the nodes in the network are assumed to cooperate in routing each others’ packets, as is the case in ad hoc wireless networks, each node should transmit with just enough power to guarantee connectivity in the network. Towards this end, we derive the critical power a node in the network needs to transmit in order to ensure that the network is connected with probability one as the number of nodes in the network goes to infinity. It is shown that if n nodes are placed in a disc of unit area in ℜ2 and each node transmits at a power level so as to cover an area of πr 2 = (log n + c(n))/n, then the resulting network is asymptotically connected with probability one if and only if c(n) → +∞.
1,282 citations
TL;DR: For n points placed uniformly at random on the unit square, it is known that the distribution of the minimal spanning tree on these points converges weakly to the double exponential as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: For n points placed uniformly at random on the unit square, suppose $M_n$ (respectively, $M'_n$) denotes the longest edge-length of the nearest neighbor graph (respectively, the minimal spanning tree) on these points. It is known that the distribution of $n \pi M_n^2 - \log n$ converges weakly to the double exponential; we give a new proof of this. We show that $P[M'_n = M_n] \to 1$, so that the same weak convergence holds for $M'_n$ .
528 citations