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Journal ArticleDOI

Impact of Sundarban mangrove biosphere on the carbon dioxide and methane mixing ratios at the NE Coast of Bay of Bengal, India

01 Feb 2002-Atmospheric Environment (Pergamon)-Vol. 36, Iss: 4, pp 629-638
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the diurnal and seasonal variations in carbon dioxide and methane fluxes between Sundarban biosphere and atmosphere using micrometeorological method during 1998-2000.
About: This article is published in Atmospheric Environment.The article was published on 2002-02-01. It has received 64 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Atmospheric methane & Carbon dioxide.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review 72 published articles to elucidate characteristics of biomass allocation and productivity of mangrove forests and also introduce recent progress on the study of MANGEO to solve the site and species-specific problems.

688 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The impact of increasing N deposition on natural ecosystems is poorly understood, and further understanding is required regarding the use of drainage as a management tool, to reduce CH4 emissions from wetlands and to increase GHG sink from the restoration of degraded lands, including saline and sodic soils.
Abstract: Besides water vapour, greenhouse gases CO2, CH4, O3 and N2O contribute ~60%, 20%, 10% and 6% to global warming, respectively; minor contribution is made by chlorofluorocarbons and volatile organic compounds (VOC). We present CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes from natural and relatively unmanaged soil–plant ecosystems (the ecosystems minimally disturbed by direct human or human-induced activities). All natural ecosystems are net sinks for CO2, although tundra and wetlands (including peatlands) are large sources of CH4, whereas significant N2O emissions occur mainly from tropical and temperate forests. Most natural ecosystems decrease net global warming potential (GWP) from –0.03 ± 0.35 t CO2-e ha–1 y–1 (tropical forests) to –0.90 ± 0.42 t CO2-e ha–1 y–1 (temperate forests) and –1.18 ± 0.44 t CO2-e ha–1 y–1 (boreal forests), mostly as CO2 sinks in phytobiomass, microbial biomass and soil C. But net GWP contributions from wetlands are very large, which is primarily due to CH4 emissions. Although the tropical forest system provides a large carbon sink, the negligible capacity of tropical forests to reduce GWP is entirely due to N2O emissions, possibly from rapid N mineralisation under favourable temperature and moisture conditions. It is estimated that the natural ecosystems reduce the net atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 3.55 ± 0.44 Gt CO2-e y–1 or ~0.5 ppmv CO2-e y–1, hence, the significant role of natural and relatively unmanaged ecosystems in slowing global warming and climate change. However, the impact of increasing N deposition on natural ecosystems is poorly understood, and further understanding is required regarding the use of drainage as a management tool, to reduce CH4 emissions from wetlands and to increase GHG sink from the restoration of degraded lands, including saline and sodic soils. Data on GHG fluxes from natural and relatively unmanaged ecosystems are further compounded by large spatial and temporal heterogeneity, limited sensitivity of current instruments, few and poor global distribution of monitoring sites and limited capacity of models that could integrate GHG fluxes across ecosystems, atmosphere and oceans and include feedbacks from biophysical variables governing these fluxes.

287 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The atmospheric fluxes of N(2)O, CH(4) and CO(2), from the soil in four mangrove swamps in Shenzhen and Hong Kong, South China were investigated in the summer of 2008 and were positively correlated with the soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphate, total iron and NH(4)(+)-N contents, as well as the soil porosity.

158 citations


Cites background from "Impact of Sundarban mangrove biosph..."

  • ...Some mangrove soil emitted a significant amount of greenhouse gases (e.g. Mukhopadhyay et al., 2002; Allen et al., 2007)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured diurnal and seasonal variations of air-water CO2 exchange in relation to the occurrence of phytoplankton during January-December 2001.
Abstract: The Sundarban mangrove forest (4,264 km 2 ) constitutes about 3% of the total area of the world mangrove. We measured diurnal and seasonal variations of air‐water CO2 exchange in relation to the occurrence of phytoplankton during January‐December 2001. Diurnal variations of airflows showed that the minimum and maximum CO2 flux of 216.2 mmol m 22 h 21 and 49.9 mmol m 22 h 21 , respectively, occurred during the higher sea breeze. The average ratio of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN 5 13.85 6 7.19 mmol L 21 ) to dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP 5 1.23 6 0.57 mmol L 21 ) was 11 6 4 and the surface water was undersaturated with respect to dissolved oxygen. The mean value of 0.1 6 0.08 for the ratio of phytoplankton production (P) to community respiration (R) indicated that the ecosystem was heterotrophic. The saturation of dissolved carbon dioxide with respect to the atmosphere varied seasonally between 59% and 156%, with minimum levels in postmonsoon and maximum levels in premonsoon/early monsoon (June/July). Out of the 36 genera of diatoms, 1 blue green alga, and 3 dinoflagellates that occurred throughout the year, only 6 reached bloom proportions in postmonsoon, when mangrove water was a sink of atmospheric CO2. Although 59.3% of the emitted CO2 was removed from the atmosphere by biological processes, on an annual basis, the Sundarban mangrove forest supplies 13.8 kg C ha 21 yr 21 of CO2 from water surface to the atmosphere. Even though it is important to compare all in and out fluxes, there is no direct link between CO 2 emission and the later CO2 removal by biological processes.

130 citations


Cites background from "Impact of Sundarban mangrove biosph..."

  • ...Sometimes it is not clear if an ecosystem is a net source or sink of CO2 (Mukhopadhyay et al. 2002b)....

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  • ...Anthropogenic processes, responsible for the conversion of a productive estuary to a heterotrophic one (Frankignoulle et al. 1998; Mukhopadhyay et al. 2002a), further complicate the uncertainty of the estimation of unaccounted sinks....

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  • ...Mukhopadhyay et al. (2002b) observed a positive correlation of fCO2(air) with Richardson number (Ri) and its values were found to be increasing in the atmosphere when there was an inversion condition in the Sundarban mangrove forest....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, seasonal and spatial variation of dissolved and atmospheric methane (CH 4 ) was measured in the estuaries of the Sundarban mangrove ecosystem from January to December 2003.

115 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a grid-type flight pattern at an altitude of 30 m was executed by the Canadian Twin Otter flux research aircraft over a 15 km x 16.1 km agricultural area, as part of the California ozone deposition experiment (CODE).

16 citations