Implementation of energy efficient algorithm in delay tolerant networks
01 Apr 2017-pp 93-99
TL;DR: A new energy efficient algorithm is proposed which forwards the packet to the nearest neighbor node which also uses the probability distribution function to forward the bundle to the next best hop which requires the least energy for the transmission.
Abstract: Delay Tolerant Networks is an emerging technique which supports for the intermittent connectivity. Previously, for transmission of bundles the end-to-end connection was required to carry out the transmission successfully. But now, using the store-carry-forward mechanism and the node mobility it is possible to transmit the data from the source to the destination even if there is no end to end connection between them. There are different routing strategies which are formed in a DTN environment to reduce the message overhead and for increasing the message delivery probability, but very few take the energy into a consideration while designing. DTN nodes have a very limited amount of energy resources which holds a great significance. To perform any kind of operation between various nodes, i.e. sending bundle, searching for the neighbor node, storing bundle, etc the energy is used. Hence, in this paper, we proposed a new energy efficient algorithm to improve the energy efficiency. This algorithm forwards the packet to the nearest neighbor node which also uses the probability distribution function to forward the bundle to the next best hop which requires the least energy for the transmission. It also narrows down the specific region for the transmission of data by using the angle based transmission. The freshly energized node is redeployed in the network. With the help of Opportunistic Network Simulator results, it is proven that the designed algorithm is more energy efficient than the previous distance based algorithm.
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25 Aug 2003
TL;DR: This work proposes a network architecture and application interface structured around optionally-reliable asynchronous message forwarding, with limited expectations of end-to-end connectivity and node resources.
Abstract: The highly successful architecture and protocols of today's Internet may operate poorly in environments characterized by very long delay paths and frequent network partitions. These problems are exacerbated by end nodes with limited power or memory resources. Often deployed in mobile and extreme environments lacking continuous connectivity, many such networks have their own specialized protocols, and do not utilize IP. To achieve interoperability between them, we propose a network architecture and application interface structured around optionally-reliable asynchronous message forwarding, with limited expectations of end-to-end connectivity and node resources. The architecture operates as an overlay above the transport layers of the networks it interconnects, and provides key services such as in-network data storage and retransmission, interoperable naming, authenticated forwarding and a coarse-grained class of service.
3,511 citations
"Implementation of energy efficient ..." refers background in this paper
...DTN has various applications such as underwater networks [4], Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) [5], military networks [6], and inter-planetary networks [7]....
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TL;DR: This work identifies three fundamental principles that would underlie a delay-tolerant networking (DTN) architecture and describes the main structural elements of that architecture, centered on a new end-to-end overlay network protocol called Bundling.
Abstract: Increasingly, network applications must communicate with counterparts across disparate networking environments characterized by significantly different sets of physical and operational constraints; wide variations in transmission latency are particularly troublesome. The proposed Interplanetary Internet, which must encompass both terrestrial and interplanetary links, is an extreme case. An architecture based on a "least common denominator" protocol that can operate successfully and (where required) reliably in multiple disparate environments would simplify the development and deployment of such applications. The Internet protocols are ill suited for this purpose. We identify three fundamental principles that would underlie a delay-tolerant networking (DTN) architecture and describe the main structural elements of that architecture, centered on a new end-to-end overlay network protocol called Bundling. We also examine Internet infrastructure adaptations that might yield comparable performance but conclude that the simplicity of the DTN architecture promises easier deployment and extension.
1,419 citations
"Implementation of energy efficient ..." refers background in this paper
...DTN has various applications such as underwater networks [4], Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) [5], military networks [6], and inter-planetary networks [7]....
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TL;DR: A stochastic model is introduced that accurately models the message delay in mobile ad hoc networks where nodes relay messages and the networks are sparsely populated and accurately predicts the messagedelay for both relay strategies for a number of mobility models.
615 citations
"Implementation of energy efficient ..." refers methods in this paper
...The two-hop routing algorithm is proposed by the Groenevelt and Nain [8], where the source is able to replicate the message and other nodes is only able to forward the message....
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TL;DR: This paper presents an energy-efficient opportunistic routing strategy, denoted as EEOR, and extensive simulations in TOSSIM show that the protocol EEOR performs better than the well-known ExOR protocol in terms of the energy consumption, the packet loss ratio, and the average delivery delay.
Abstract: Opportunistic routing, has been shown to improve the network throughput, by allowing nodes that overhear the transmission and closer to the destination to participate in forwarding packets, i.e., in forwarder list. The nodes in forwarder list are prioritized and the lower priority forwarder will discard the packet if the packet has been forwarded by a higher priority forwarder. One challenging problem is to select and prioritize forwarder list such that a certain network performance is optimized. In this paper, we focus on selecting and prioritizing forwarder list to minimize energy consumption by all nodes. We study both cases where the transmission power of each node is fixed or dynamically adjustable. We present an energy-efficient opportunistic routing strategy, denoted as EEOR. Our extensive simulations in TOSSIM show that our protocol EEOR performs better than the well-known ExOR protocol (when adapted in sensor networks) in terms of the energy consumption, the packet loss ratio, and the average delivery delay.
216 citations
19 Apr 2009
TL;DR: It is shown, by analysis and simulations, that the proposed protocol outperforms two existing protocols for vehicular networks with topology-transparent properties and provides reliable broadcast communications for delivering safety messages under load conditions deemed to be common in vehicular environments.
Abstract: Broadcast communications is critically important in vehicular networks. Many safety applications need safety warning messages to be broadcast to all vehicles present in an area. Design of a medium access control (MAC) protocol for vehicular networks is an interesting problem because of challenges posed by broadcast traffic, high mobility, high reliability and low delay requirements of these networks. In this article, we propose a topology-transparent broadcast protocol and present a detailed mathematical analysis for obtaining the probability of success and the average delay. We show, by analysis and simulations, that the proposed protocol outperforms two existing protocols for vehicular networks with topology-transparent properties and provides reliable broadcast communications for delivering safety messages under load conditions deemed to be common in vehicular environments.
165 citations
"Implementation of energy efficient ..." refers background in this paper
...DTN has various applications such as underwater networks [4], Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) [5], military networks [6], and inter-planetary networks [7]....
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