Implementation of phase change materials for thermal regulation of photovoltaic thermal systems: Comprehensive analysis of design approaches
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focused on the investigation of various photovoltaic thermal (PVT) solar collector designs incorporating phase change materials as suitable material for thermal management and revealed the importance of a PVT-PCM collector design concerning the overall efficiency improvement of systems.
About: This article is published in Energy.The article was published on 2021-08-01. It has received 67 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Photovoltaic system & Thermal efficiency.
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TL;DR: In this article, the main components and roles of renewable energy resources (such as solar, wind, geothermal, hydropower, ocean, and biofuels) for the smart city were fully introduced.
193 citations
13 Jun 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , a review of machine learning techniques employed in the nanofluid-based renewable energy system, as well as new developments in machine learning research, is presented.
Abstract: Nanofluids have gained significant popularity in the field of sustainable and renewable energy systems. The heat transfer capacity of the working fluid has a huge impact on the efficiency of the renewable energy system. The addition of a small amount of high thermal conductivity solid nanoparticles to a base fluid improves heat transfer. Even though a large amount of research data is available in the literature, some results are contradictory. Many influencing factors, as well as nonlinearity and refutations, make nanofluid research highly challenging and obstruct its potentially valuable uses. On the other hand, data-driven machine learning techniques would be very useful in nanofluid research for forecasting thermophysical features and heat transfer rate, identifying the most influential factors, and assessing the efficiencies of different renewable energy systems. The primary aim of this review study is to look at the features and applications of different machine learning techniques employed in the nanofluid-based renewable energy system, as well as to reveal new developments in machine learning research. A variety of modern machine learning algorithms for nanofluid-based heat transfer studies in renewable and sustainable energy systems are examined, along with their advantages and disadvantages. Artificial neural networks-based model prediction using contemporary commercial software is simple to develop and the most popular. The prognostic capacity may be further improved by combining a marine predator algorithm, genetic algorithm, swarm intelligence optimization, and other intelligent optimization approaches. In addition to the well-known neural networks and fuzzy- and gene-based machine learning techniques, newer ensemble machine learning techniques such as Boosted regression techniques, K-means, K-nearest neighbor (KNN), CatBoost, and XGBoost are gaining popularity due to their improved architectures and adaptabilities to diverse data types. The regularly used neural networks and fuzzy-based algorithms are mostly black-box methods, with the user having little or no understanding of how they function. This is the reason for concern, and ethical artificial intelligence is required.
114 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the thermal properties of organic, inorganic, and eutectic phase change material (PCM) for integration with battery thermal management system (BTMS) are discussed.
74 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined the thermal performance of a small-scale solar organic Rankine cycle system, in which a flat plate solar collector was employed to supply heat to the organic RRC system.
51 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a review focusing on recent advancements in integrating phase change materials (PCM) into different types of solar collectors is presented, which aims to detail numerous strategies as well as diverse improvement approaches and modifications that have been developed to improve the performance of PCM incorporated into solar collectors.
Abstract: Global warming is the most serious problem humanity faces in the twenty-first century. To avoid additional global warming, the world must transition away from fossil fuels and toward carbon-free energy sources such as solar energy. However, the current generation of solar collectors is incapable of fulfilling the worldwide need for energy supply, and new creative technologies are required to close the gap between solar energy production and demand. Phase change materials (PCM) are among the most effective and active fields of research in terms of long-term heat energy storage and thermal management. Due to their excellent properties, they can be coupled with solar collectors to conserve surplus solar energy and regulate the temperature of photovoltaic solar collectors. However, PCM's actual applications are limited due to their poor thermal conductivity, availability, cost, and various challenges. This review focuses on recent advancements in integrating PCMs into different types of solar collectors. Furthermore, it aims to detail numerous strategies as well as diverse improvement approaches and modifications that have been developed to improve the performance of PCMs incorporated into solar collectors. Finally, based on the thorough results of this analysis, future suggestions have been made to offer the researcher ideas and feasible concepts for future research into PCM/Solar collectors’ system development.
48 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, a PV/T-nano PCM-nanofluid system was proposed to control heat capacitance of the system to maintain electrical efficiency and to raise the overall efficiency.
296 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that natural resources and renewable energy consumption improve environmental quality in the long run, while population growth and non-renewable energy consumption contribute to its deterioration.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors focused on various flow and heat transfer modes of nanofluid, metal foam and the combination of the two, with the physical properties of nanophluid and metal foam summarized.
252 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of simultaneous use of a ZnO/water nanofluid and a phase change material (PCM) as coolant mediums for a photovoltaic fluid/nano-fluid based collector system are investigated experimentally.
227 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed illustration of phase change materials and their working principle, different types, and properties are provided, and a characteristic example of PCM in solar energy storage and the design of PCMs are reviewed and analyzed.
210 citations