Improved sub-ppm acetone sensing properties of SnO2 nanowire-based sensor by attachment of Co3O4 nanoparticles
TL;DR: In this article, Co3O4 nanoparticles are attached to SnO2 nanowires, and several samples are synthesized followed by the cycles of Co3 o4 nanoparticle attachment process.
Abstract: Co3O4 nanoparticle-attached SnO2 nanowires are synthesized to fabricate highly sensitive acetone gas sensor by vapor-liquid-solid (VLS), sol-gel, and thermal annealing processes. To analyze enhanced acetone gas sensing responses, Co3O4 nanoparticles are attached SnO2 nanowires, and several samples are synthesized followed by the cycles of Co3O4 nanoparticle attachment process. The sensing response of Co3O4 nanoparticle-attached SnO2 nanowires, which are one time performed Co3O4 nanoparticle attachment process, is improved by 7 times compared with as-synthesized SnO2 nanowires when exposed to 50 ppm acetone gas. In particular, when exposed to 0.5 ppm acetone gas, as-synthesized SnO2 nanowires present an extremely low response — close to negligible. However, when Co3O4 nanoparticles are attached, the response is improved drastically. Furthermore, the sensing selectivity toward acetone gas is improved compared with its counterpart. This improved sensing property is derived from the increasing variation in the surface depletion area located in the p-n heterojunction.
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TL;DR: Different aspects of metal oxide-based acetone gas sensors in pristine, composite, doped, and noble metal functionalized forms are discussed and gas sensing mechanisms are discussed.
Abstract: Acetone is a well-known volatile organic compound that is widely used in different industrial and domestic areas. However, it can have dangerous effects on human life and health. Thus, the realization of sensitive and selective sensors for recognition of acetone is highly important. Among different gas sensors, resistive gas sensors based on nanostructured metal oxide with high surface area, have been widely reported for successful detection of acetone gas, owing to their high sensitivity, fast dynamics, high stability, and low price. Herein, we discuss different aspects of metal oxide-based acetone gas sensors in pristine, composite, doped, and noble metal functionalized forms. Gas sensing mechanisms are also discussed. This review is an informative document for those who are working in the field of gas sensors.
91 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a Pd nanoparticle-decorated SnO2 nanowires were synthesized to fabricate a highly selective and sensitive hydrogen gas sensor, which exhibited similar sensing responses to several gases.
Abstract: Pd nanoparticle-decorated SnO2 nanowires were synthesized to fabricate a highly selective and sensitive hydrogen gas sensor. The SnO2 nanowires were synthesized via a vapor–liquid–solid process, and Pd nanoparticles were decorated by a UV irradiation process using 1 mM PdCl2 solution to improve the hydrogen sensing properties of SnO2 nanowires. To generate Pd nanoparticles on the surface of SnO2 nanowires, 254 nm UV light was irradiated on SnO2 nanowires that were immersed in PdCl2 aqua solution, and the irradiation time was manipulated to control the number of Pd nanoparticles. The Pd nanoparticle-decorated SnO2 nanowires showed different hydrogen sensing responses followed by quantity of Pd nanoparticles, and the response of the optimum number of Pd nanoparticle-decorated SnO2 nanowires was 12.7 times that of bare-SnO2 nanowires when exposed 100 ppm of hydrogen gas. Furthermore, the selectivity of this nanowire-based sensor also improved as the Pd nanoparticles were decorated. The SnO2 nanowires exhibited similar sensing responses to several gases, but the hydrogen sensing response increased significantly after Pd nanoparticle decoration. In this case, the sensing response to hydrogen was 5 times higher than that of ethanol gas that showed the second-best response to the sensor. This improvement resulted from the catalytic effect of Pd nanoparticles and the formation of Schottky junctions between Pd nanoparticles and SnO2 nanowires. The mechanisms of the improved hydrogen sensing response of Pd nanoparticle-decorated SnO2 nanowires were discussed, and the optimum quantity of Pd nanoparticles required to obtain the best hydrogen sensing properties was discussed in this research.
70 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , high-performance sensors based on Au nanoparticles (NPs)-loaded SnO2 porous nanosheets were successfully synthesized via metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) template method, which synthesis method is facile and meets the requirements of large scale production.
32 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a Pd nanoparticle-decorated SnO2 nanotubes (Pd/SnO2 NTs) were synthesized by electrospinning (using a coaxial spinneret) for application as a hydrogen gas sensor.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this article, gold nanoparticles were used to decorate SnO2 hollow nanospheres (Au-SnO2 HNS) to improve the performance of ethanol sensors.
25 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the PdAu/SnO2 sensor can not only effectively detect acetone at 250 °C with response of 6.6 to 2 ppm acetone, but also detect formaldehyde at 110 Ã 0 Ã Ã c with response 4.1-2 Ã 1 Ã 2 Ã ) formaldehyde, and the corresponding detection limit is as low as 45 Ã pb and 30 Ã n Ã
Abstract: In this study, SnO2 nanosheets (NSs) was firstly prepared by the hydro-solvothermal treatment, and then decorated with Pd, Au and PdAu bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) by an in situ reduction with ascorbic acid (AA). Their morphology, chemistry, and crystal structure were characterized at the nanoscale. It was found that SnO2 NSs were flower-like with thickness of 7–12 nm, and PdAu NPs with the size of 3–10 nm were dispersed uniformly on the surface of SnO2 NSs. Their gas sensing properties were carefully studied. The results demonstrated that the PdAu/SnO2 sensor can not only effectively detect acetone at 250 °C with response of 6.6 to 2 ppm acetone, but also detect formaldehyde at 110 °C with response of 4.1–2 ppm formaldehyde, and the corresponding detection limit is as low as 45 ppb and 30 ppb, respectively. Moreover, the PdAu/SnO2 sensor exhibited excellent reusability, and reliability to the low concentration of acetone and good anti-interference to humidity and other biomarkers in human breath. Compared with that decorated with their parent metal (Pd or Au), the enhanced response of SnO2 NSs decorated with PdAu bimetallic NPs may be ascribed to the chemical sensitization of Au, the electronic sensitization of Pd and the synergistic effect of PdAu bimetallic NPs. The PdAu/SnO2 sensor has a great potential application in detecting formaldehyde and diabetes diagnosis.
260 citations
"Improved sub-ppm acetone sensing pr..." refers background in this paper
...[1] Li G, Cheng Z, Xiang Q, Yan L, Wang X, Xu J, et al....
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...It is applied to lots of purpose in the fields of industrials such as a solvent to dilute and dissolve chemical matters [1]....
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TL;DR: In this article, a room-temperature acetone gas sensor based on a tin dioxide (SnO2)-reduced graphene oxide (RGO) hybrid composite film was demonstrated.
Abstract: In this paper, we demonstrated a room-temperature acetone gas sensor based on a tin dioxide (SnO2)-reduced graphene oxide (RGO) hybrid composite film. The SnO2–RGO composite film sensor was fabricated on a PCB substrate with rectangular-ambulatory-plane interdigitated microelectrodes by using a facile hydrothermal method. The presence of small SnO2 nanoparticles on RGO sheets was characterized by SEM, XRD and BET measurements, demonstrating good structures without irreversible restacking of sheets and agglomeration. The sensing properties of the SnO2–RGO hybrid film sensor were investigated by exposing it to various concentrations of acetone gas at room temperature. It was found that the presented sensor exhibited not only an excellent response to acetone gas, but also a fast response–recovery time and good repeatability, exhibiting the unique advantages of the SnO2–RGO hybrid composite as a building block for sensor fabrication. The gas response of the SnO2–RGO hybrid composite was about 2-fold higher than that of the pure RGO film, and the possible sensing mechanism was mainly attributed to the high surface area, three-dimensional porous nanostructure and special interactions between the RGO sheets and SnO2 nanoparticles.
236 citations
TL;DR: Four kinds of porous hierarchical Co3O4 structures have been selectively controlled by optimizing the thermal decomposition using ZIF-67 as precursor that was obtained from coprecipitation method with the co-assistance of cobalt salt and 2-methylimidazole in the solution of methanol to exhibit enhanced sensing performance.
Abstract: Highly sensitive and stable gas sensors have attracted much attention because they are the key to innovations in the fields of environment, health, energy savings and security, etc. Sensing materials, which influence the practical sensing performance, are the crucial parts for gas sensors. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered as alluring sensing materials for gas sensors because of the possession of high specific surface area, unique morphology, abundant metal sites, and functional linkers. Herein, four kinds of porous hierarchical Co3O4 structures have been selectively controlled by optimizing the thermal decomposition (temperature, rate, and atmosphere) using ZIF-67 as precursor that was obtained from coprecipitation method with the co-assistance of cobalt salt and 2-methylimidazole in the solution of methanol. These hierarchical Co3O4 structures, with controllable cross-linked channels, meso-/micropores, and adjustable surface area, are efficient catalytic materials for gas sensing. Benefits ...
198 citations
"Improved sub-ppm acetone sensing pr..." refers background in this paper
...With the interactions of SnO2 nanowire back bone and attached Co3O4 nanoparticles, variation of depletion layers can be changed more drastically, and acetone sensing properties are improved significantly [29,30]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the gas sensing properties of these nanofibers were investigated systematically, and the results indicated that the response to 50ppm acetone of 0.5 mol% Rh-doped SnO2 nanofibrers was 60.6, which was 9.6 times higher than that of undoped nanofiber.
Abstract: Undoped and 0.2-1.0 mol% Rh-doped SnO2 nanofibers were fabricated using electrospinning combined with calcination treatment. The fibrous morphology of these nanofibers were maintained and the grain size of the SnO2 nanocrystals were greatly decreased after Rh doping. Sensors based on these nanofibers were fabricated through a hot pressing mathod. The gas sensing properties of these nanofibers were investigated systematically. The results indicated that the response to 50 ppm acetone of 0.5 mol% Rh-doped SnO2 nanofibers was 60.6, which was 9.6 times higher than that of undoped SnO2 nanofibers. In addition, the Rh-doped SnO2 nanofibers showed a decreased cross-response to ethanol, whereas pure SnO2 naofibers did not show selective detection of ethanol and acetone gases. The doping of Rh ions into SnO2 nanocrystals modulates the electron concentration, and induces the changes of the oxygen vacancies and chemisorbed oxygen of SnO2 naofibers. Thus, the doping of Rh3+ into SnO2 nanofibers should be a promising method for designing and fabricating acetone gas sensor with high gas sensing performance.
194 citations
"Improved sub-ppm acetone sensing pr..." refers background in this paper
...Hierarchical SnO2 hollow microspheres 200 50 16 [14] Rh doped electrospun SnO2 nanofibers 200 50 59 [15] Eu-doped SnO2 electrospun nanofibers 280 100 36 [16] Co catalyzed SnO2 nanospheres 220 100 37 [17] Ag-decorated SnO2 hollow nanofibers 160 50 45 [18] Hierarchical SnO2 hollow nanosheets 300 100 40 [19] La-doped SnO2 layered nanoarrays 290 50 23 [20] Ce-doped SnO2 nanoparticles 270 50 50 [21] Pr6O11-functionalized SnO2 flower-like architectures 200 100 27 [22] Co3O4 nanoparticle-attached SnO2 nanowires 300 50 70 This work...
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01 Jun 2017
TL;DR: As expected, the NiO/ZnO composites demonstrated dramatic improvements in sensing performances compared with pure ZnO hollow spheres, and the likely reason for the improved gas sensing properties was also proposed.
Abstract: NiO/ZnO composites were synthesized by decorating numerous NiO nanoparticles on the surfaces of well dispersed ZnO hollow spheres using a facile solvothermal method. Various kinds of characterization methods were utilized to investigate the structures and morphologies of the hybrid materials. The results revealed that the NiO nanoparticles with a size of ∼10nm were successfully distributed on the surfaces of ZnO hollow spheres in a discrete manner. As expected, the NiO/ZnO composites demonstrated dramatic improvements in sensing performances compared with pure ZnO hollow spheres. For example, the response of NiO/ZnO composites to 100ppm acetone was ∼29.8, which was nearly 4.6 times higher than that of primary ZnO at 275°C, and the response/recovery time were 1/20s, respectively. Meanwhile, the detection limit could extend down to ppb level. The likely reason for the improved gas sensing properties was also proposed.
178 citations
"Improved sub-ppm acetone sensing pr..." refers background in this paper
...[31] Liu C, Zhao L, Wang B, Sun P, Wang Q, Gao Y, et al....
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...When SnO2 nanowires are exposed to ambient air, their resistance increases because oxygen molecules in the air are adsorbed on the nanowires and absorb electrons to transform into oxygen ions followed by described equations [31]:...
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