Improved urea electrode
About: This article is published in Analytical Chemistry.The article was published on 1973-02-01. It has received 162 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Urea & Electrode.
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01 Jan 1983
304 citations
285 citations
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01 May 1984TL;DR: The specificity of enzymes and their ability to catalyze reactions of substrates at low concentrations is of great use in chemical analysis and has been used for analytical purposes for a long time.
Abstract: Although soluble enzymes can be used as excellent reagents for the analysis of inorganic and organic compounds, they face a serious challenge when attempts are made to utilize them in complex matrices, like blood or crude water. Problems center about the effect of activators, inhibitors, other substrates, pH, and temperature on the soluble enzyme. However, upon immobilization most of these effects can be eliminated or minimized. For example, an enzyme with a narrow pH range of 4–6 can be transformed upon insolubilization to a more viable reagent with a broad pH range of 4–10. Also, following immobilization the enzymes are much more stable; they can be heated to 37, 40 or 50°C, with little loss of activity; and the activity persists after several thousand analysis are performed. However, the biggest advantage, analytically speaking, of immobilization, is that the insolubilized reagent becomes a much more selective reagent. No longer do many activators and inhibitors have an effect; only the most powerful can actually attack the enzyme.
242 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the advantages and roles of various matrices, different strategies for biosensor construction, analytical performance and applications are discussed, and the prospects of urea biosensors for medical applications are also discussed.
182 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the 1:1-complexes between nonactin and monactin, and sodium, potassium, and ammonium thiocyanate are described.
Abstract: 1:1-Complexes between nonactin and monactin, and sodium, potassium, and ammonium thiocyanate are described.
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