Improving Energy Efficiency and Quality of Service in Wireless Body Area Sensor Network using Versatile Synchronization Guard Band Protocol
01 Dec 2019-
TL;DR: This work introduces a Versatile Synchronization Guard Band Protocol (VSGP), which deals with guard band (GB) in each time slot it reduces the interference of the transmitting signal and increase the efficiency of QOS and its energy.
Abstract: In the last few years there has been a growing interest in Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) due to its latency and enhance the health care features by continuously monitoring the condition of the patient and early identification of problems. A major difficulty has been occurring to design network such as Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol that primarily part of the WBANs for functioning in a well-organized way. Therefore, it limits the sensor node energy for Quality of Service (QOS) and life cycle of the network. Accordingly, this work introduces a Versatile Synchronization Guard Band Protocol (VSGP) namely VSGP, which deals with guard band (GB) in each time slot it reduces the interference of the transmitting signal and increase the efficiency of QOS and its energy. WBAN performed with more number of sensor nodes are connected to the coordinator. VSGP protocol is compared with two existing methods called Self Adaptive Guard Band (SAGB) and Traditional Guard Band protocol. Comparisons are made with time and packet flow of each transmission and energy per packet flow.
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04 Mar 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , the design parameters of antennas are compared along with design parameters that are required for designing an antenna in the terahertz frequency range and various methods that can be used to enhance the performance matrix of the antenna are also discussed.
Abstract: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has created a booming evolution in the past decade. These networks are characterized by their coverage over a large area with small connected sensors. Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) comes as a subset of WSN. In this type of network, the sensors are deployed over the body of the patient to analyze and collect data regarding various parameters like temperature pressure, etc. The design parameters of antennas are compared in this paper along with the design parameters that is required for designing an antenna in the terahertz frequency range. Various methods that can be used to enhance the performance matrix of the antenna are also discussed.
2 citations
28 Dec 2022
TL;DR: In this article , a flexible and compact antenna that can be used for wireless body area network applications is designed over a flexible polyimide substrate that is suitable for body-worn applications.
Abstract: This paper proposes a flexible and compact antenna that can be used for Wireless Body Area Network applications. The antenna is designed over a flexible polyimide substrate that is suitable for body-worn applications. The antenna is designed with a dimension of $0.48 \lambda \ \mathrm{x} \ 0.62 \lambda \ \mathrm{x} \ 0.004 \lambda$, with a gain of 6.77dBi and a return loss of -50dB. The antenna performance enhancement in relation to gain and return loss is achieved by using the slotted feeding and inset feed technique which helped in impedance matching. The antenna was designed and simulated in CST studio suite.
28 Dec 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors proposed a flexible and compact antenna that can be used for Wireless Body Area Network (WBN) applications, which is designed over a flexible polyimide substrate that is suitable for body-worn applications.
Abstract: This paper proposes a flexible and compact antenna that can be used for Wireless Body Area Network applications. The antenna is designed over a flexible polyimide substrate that is suitable for body-worn applications. The antenna is designed with a dimension of $0.48 \lambda \ \mathrm{x} \ 0.62 \lambda \ \mathrm{x} \ 0.004 \lambda$ , with a gain of 6.77dBi and a return loss of -50dB. The antenna performance enhancement in relation to gain and return loss is achieved by using the slotted feeding and inset feed technique which helped in impedance matching. The antenna was designed and simulated in CST studio suite.
01 Jan 2022
References
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TL;DR: The latest developments in body-worn wireless health-monitoring systems and their current challenges and limitations are reviewed and future trends for such worn devices for these applications are discussed.
Abstract: Wearable health-monitoring systems are becoming very popular, especially in enabling the noninvasive diagnosis of vital functions of the human body. Besides typical singular heartbeat or perspiration sensors, which have been commercially available in recent years, the deployment of a series of body-worn sensors can enable an effective health-monitoring mechanism. The combined information obtained from such systems can either be relayed directly to any health-monitoring personnel in the case of emergencies or can be logged and analyzed as a part of preventive health measures. However, the deployment of on-body nodes for humans must be performed with care, as they may interfere with the patients' regular movements. This is especially challenging because the relationship between the electromagnetic waves is influenced by the patient's movements, distance from the nearest base station, operating environment, etc. Additional challenges to the deployment of such mechanisms are also faced in situations where the nodes require additional on-body space, impose additional weight, or are not conformal enough to the patient's body. On the hardware design aspect, the sensory and communication functions on the electronic node have to be designed using special materials to avoid reliability issues or damage due to repeated or intense movements. Finally, and perhaps the most important aspect that needs to be addressed concerning such systems, is their electromagnetic safety level, which is defined by their specific absorption rates (SARs). This article aims to review the latest developments in body-worn wireless health-monitoring systems and their current challenges and limitations and to discuss future trends for such worn devices for these applications.
219 citations
"Improving Energy Efficiency and Qua..." refers background in this paper
...[5] Obligation cycling procedures can moderate vitality utilization and vitality collecting strategies can give additional vitality supply, the previous prompts gigantic information conveyance delay and the last can't supply vitality endlessly and steadily....
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TL;DR: The proposed Adaptive Thermal-Aware Routing algorithm is based on Multi-Ring Routing approach to find an alternative route in the case of increasing temperature and simulation results indicate that proposed protocol is more efficient in terms of temperature rise and throughput than existing approaches.
Abstract: The recent advancement in information technology and evolving of the (IoT) shifted the traditional medical approach to patient-oriented approach (e.g., Telemedicine/Telemonitoring). IoT permits several services including sensing, processing and communicating information with physical and bio-medical constraints. Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) handles the issues pertaining to the medical purposes in the form of sensor nodes and connected network. The WBAN takes human physiological data as an input to subsequently monitor the patient conditions that are transferred to other IoT components for analysis. Such monitoring and analysis demand a cohesive routing approach to ensure the safe and in-time transfer of data. The temperature rise of bio-medical sensor nodes makes the entire routing operation very crucial because the temperature of implanted nodes rises and ultimately damages body tissues. This needs dispersion in data transmission among different nodes by opting various available routes while avoiding temperature rise. In this paper, we present Adaptive Thermal-Aware Routing algorithm for WBAN. The ATAR is designed to overcome the temperature rise issue of implanted bio-medical sensors nodes. The new protocol is based on Multi-Ring Routing approach to find an alternative route in the case of increasing temperature. The simulation results indicate that proposed protocol is more efficient in terms of temperature rise and throughput than existing approaches.
72 citations
TL;DR: This paper considers the finite-time chaos synchronization of Chua chaotic oscillators based on the secure communication scheme in wireless sensor networks and proposes a sliding mode controller applied to the wireless sensor network to increase the robustness of the controller.
Abstract: This paper considers the finite-time chaos synchronization of Chua chaotic oscillators based on the secure communication scheme in wireless sensor networks. The modified Chua oscillators are added to the base station and sensor nodes to generate the chaotic signals. Two methods are proposed for the finite-time synchronization of the modified Chua systems with uncertain parameters. In the first method, by using the Lyapunov stability theory, control law is suggested to achieve finite-time chaos synchronization. In order to increase the robustness of the controller, in the second method, a sliding mode controller is applied to the wireless sensor network. Synchronization between the base station and each of the sensor nodes is realized by multiplying a selection matrix by the specified chaotic signal, which is broadcasted by the base station to the sensor nodes. The mathematical proofs confirm that the proposed control law is correct and finally, the simulation results are presented to show the efficiency o...
59 citations
"Improving Energy Efficiency and Qua..." refers background in this paper
...In [12] proposes the ZigBee bundle on the gatekeeper band of continuous WiFi traffic, which adequately defends the parcel from Wi-Fi impedance....
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TL;DR: This paper investigates the clock synchronization schemes of active node and overhearing node with immediate clock readjustment and proposes the maximum-likelihood estimators of the clock skew and the corresponding Cramer–Rao lower bounds, derived assuming Gaussian delays.
Abstract: Time synchronization is indispensable for convenient network management, device monitoring, security, and other fundamental operations in industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs) Over the past few decades, a wide variety of highly accurate clock synchronization protocols have been investigated by employing powerful statistical signal processing techniques However, most two-way exchange estimation schemes do not readjust the node's local clock upon every resynchronization before the clock parameters are estimated And it may not be appropriate in IWSNs where time synchronization is consistently required Based on the two-way message exchange mechanism, this paper investigates the clock synchronization schemes of active node and overhearing node with immediate clock readjustment The maximum-likelihood estimators of the clock skew and the corresponding Cramer–Rao lower bounds are derived assuming Gaussian delays Simulation and experimental results validate the performance of the proposed estimators
41 citations
"Improving Energy Efficiency and Qua..." refers background in this paper
...[17, 20] The principle thought of this convention is to use the timestamp relationship among various hubs and the uniqueness of a hub's clock slant to distinguish invalid data instead of confining suspicious hubs....
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TL;DR: RowBee takes the advantages of coordination from the Wi-Fi node to assist the ZigBee nodes for establishing routing paths and allows nodes to choose their duty cycles freely with finer duty-cycle granularity.
Abstract: Low and dynamic duty cycles cause that the E2E delay for packet delivery is more critical in energy-harvesting wireless sensor networks (EH-WSNs). The traditional routing protocols are constrained by the in-technology communication paradigm, where Wi-Fi devices can talk to the Wi-Fi devices only, and so on for ZigBee or wireless technology. This is, however, not necessary by recent advances in cross-technology communication (CTC). The CTC enables ZigBee nodes to be coordinated by a Wi-Fi node without any hardware changes or gateway equipment, which sheds the light on more efficient routing protocols design. In this paper, we introduce a new routing protocol based on a CTC technique called RowBee. RowBee takes the advantages of coordination from the Wi-Fi node to assist the ZigBee nodes for establishing routing paths and allows nodes to choose their duty cycles freely with finer duty-cycle granularity. A simple yet effective method is employed so that the ZigBee nodes are coordinately waked up simultaneously according to the beacons broadcasted by the Wi-Fi nodes. We implement RowBee based on a USRP-N210 and MICAz hybrid platform, and the experimental results show that RowBee can reduce the E2E delay greatly.
37 citations
"Improving Energy Efficiency and Qua..." refers methods in this paper
...In [16] proposes the primary technique, by utilizing the Lyapunov steadiness hypothesis, control law is proposed to accomplish limited time disarray synchronization....
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