In the name of the father: surnames and genetics
TL;DR: Recent studies involving Y-chromosomal haplotyping and surname analysis are promising and indicate that genealogists of the future could be turning to records written in DNA, as well as in paper archives, to solve their problems.
About: This article is published in Trends in Genetics.The article was published on 2001-06-01. It has received 191 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Patronymic surname.
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TL;DR: Multidimensional scaling confirmed the proposed European source of most Y‐chromosome Brazilian patrilineages and confirmed the South Amerindian samples showing smaller values for these parameters than Brazilians.
Abstract: A sample of 203 Brazilian males from Rio Grande do Sul (RS), the Brazilian southernmost state, was typed for 11 Y-STR markers (DYS19, DYS389I/II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385, DYS437, DYS438, and DYS439) We also typed 42 individuals from two South Amerindian tribes (Kaingang and Guarani) to use the data as parental Amerindian contribution to our analyses Gene and haplotypic diversities were estimated, with the South Amerindian samples showing smaller values for these parameters than Brazilians To obtain a more comprehensive picture of the genetic structure of the Brazilian population as a whole, the Y-STR data from the RS sample was compared with those already published No genetic substructuring was observed in the comparisons performed Multidimensional scaling confirmed the proposed European source of most Y-chromosome Brazilian patrilineages Am J Hum Biol, 2008 © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc
27 citations
TL;DR: It is found that the percentage of individuals presently living in the very area where their surname started to be in use centuries ago is extremely variable, thus meaning that self-assessed regional identities seldom correspond to the “autochthony” they imply.
Abstract: We analyze the geographic location of 77,451 different Italian surnames (17,579,891 individuals) obtained from the lists of telephone subscribers of the year 1993. By using a specific neural network analysis (Self-Organizing Maps, SOMs), we automatically identify the geographic origin of 49,117 different surnames. To validate the methodology, we compare the results to a study, previously conducted, on the same database, with accurate supervised methods. By comparing the results, we find an overlap of 97%, meaning that the SOMs methodology is highly reliable and well traces back the geographic origin of surnames at the time of their introduction (Late Middle Ages/Renaissance in Italy). SOMs results enables one to distinguish monophyletic surnames from polyphyletic ones, that is surnames having had a single geographic and historic origin from those that started to be in use, with an identical spelling, in different locations (respectively, 76.06% and 21.05% of the total). As we are interested in ge...
27 citations
TL;DR: This paper investigates how bearers of a full range of given and family names assigned themselves to 2011 Census categories, using a names classification tool previously described in this journal, and develops a follow-up ethnicity estimation tool.
Abstract: This paper examines the association between given and family names and self-ascribed ethnicity as classified by the 2011 Census of Population for England and Wales. Using Census data in an innovative way under the new Office for National Statistics (ONS) Secure Research Service (SRS; previously the ONS Virtual Microdata Laboratory, VML), we investigate how bearers of a full range of given and family names assigned themselves to 2011 Census categories, using a names classification tool previously described in this journal. Based on these results, we develop a follow-up ethnicity estimation tool and describe how the tool may be used to observe changing relations between naming practices and ethnic identities as a facet of social integration and cosmopolitanism in an increasingly diverse society.
27 citations
TL;DR: It is found that the times to the most recent common male ancestor of chimpanzee communities are several hundred to as much as over two thousand years, which accord well with behavioral observations suggesting that community fissions are a very rare event and are similar to genetic estimates of the time depth of patrilineal human groups.
27 citations
Cites background from "In the name of the father: surnames..."
...The extent to which descent group membership is reflected in Y-chromosome identity or similarity depends on a number of factors (Jobling, 2001)....
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...Similarly, Y-STR TMRCAs for men sharing the same surname in Britain and Ireland are broadly consistent with the timing of surname establishment in these countries (z700 years ago) (Sykes and Irven, 2000; Jobling, 2001; McEvoy and Bradley, 2006; King and Jobling, 2009a, b)....
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...Like surnames or descent group membership, Y-chromosomes are also passed on from father to son, leading to the simple expectation that males sharing the same surname or descent group membership should have similar Y-chromosome haplotypes, inherited from a shared paternal ancestor e perhaps the surname’s or descent group’s original founder (Jobling, 2001)....
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...…also passed on from father to son, leading to the simple expectation that males sharing the same surname or descent group membership should have similar Y-chromosome haplotypes, inherited from a shared paternal ancestor e perhaps the surname’s or descent group’s original founder (Jobling, 2001)....
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TL;DR: A significant negative correlation between surname abundance and index of longevity is found, showing that this isolated zone of male longevity presents a high level of inbreeding.
Abstract: Summary
Starting from the observation that human longevity patterns show regional variations, we applied Spatial Analysis (using the Geographic Information System) and Surname Analysis to highlight the effect of the population genetic structure on such patterns. The study was carried out in Calabria, a southern Italian region which is characterized by a wide variability of geographic features (high mountains and deep valleys which created geographic isolates in the past). We identified three zones of high longevity: a male and a female longevity zone were located near the town of Cosenza (northern Calabria), while a male longevity zone was located in a mountainous and quite isolated part of the province of Reggio Calabria (southern Calabria). The latter zone was characterized by the lowest Female/Male ratio in nonagenarians observed to date. By applying surname analysis (Fisher's alpha) we found a significant negative correlation between surname abundance and index of longevity, showing that this isolated zone of male longevity presents a high level of inbreeding. On the whole, the results showed the effectiveness of spatial analysis in revealing geographical longevity patterns, and highlighted the importance of the population genetic structure in shaping such patterns.
27 citations
Cites methods from "In the name of the father: surnames..."
...it Surname analysis is a well known tool in population genetics studies (Jobling, 2001)....
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...Tel: 39 0984 492930; Fax: 39 492911; E-mail: g.passarino@unical.it Surname analysis is a well known tool in population genetics studies (Jobling, 2001)....
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References
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TL;DR: The results of an international collaboration to produce and make freely available a draft sequence of the human genome are reported and an initial analysis is presented, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the sequence.
Abstract: The human genome holds an extraordinary trove of information about human development, physiology, medicine and evolution. Here we report the results of an international collaboration to produce and make freely available a draft sequence of the human genome. We also present an initial analysis of the data, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the sequence.
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