In vivo lung lavage as an experimental model of the respiratory distress syndrome.
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...(124) in 1979 based on the observation that ARDS is associated with depletion of surfactant from the air spaces and reduced concentrations of surfactant-associated proteins in BAL fluid....
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...Saline lavage (49, 124) Depletion of surfactant Decreased lung compliance Impaired gas exchange Without an additional stimulus, there is minimal impairment of permeability and little PMN recruitment Animals must be anesthetized, intubated, and ventilated throughout the procedure and afterwards...
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...The lung injury is dependent on PMN and is characterized by increased protein permeability, PMN infiltration into the air spaces and interstitium, increased cytokine production, and hyaline membrane formation (99, 110, 124)....
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