Journal ArticleDOI
Incidence of second malignancies among patients treated with proton versus photon radiation.
C.S. Chung,Torunn I. Yock,Kerrie P. Nelson,Yang Xu,Nancy L. Keating,Nancy L. Keating,Nancy J. Tarbell +6 more
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The use of proton radiation therapy was not associated with a significantly increased risk of secondary malignancies compared with photon therapy and longer follow-up of these patients is needed to determine if there is a significant decrease in second malignancy.Abstract:
Purpose Proton radiation, when compared with photon radiation, allows delivery of increased radiation dose to the tumor while decreasing dose to adjacent critical structures. Given the recent expansion of proton facilities in the United States, the long-term sequelae of proton therapy should be carefully assessed. The objective of this study was to compare the incidence of second cancers in patients treated with proton radiation with a population-based cohort of matched patients treated with photon radiation. Methods and Materials We performed a retrospective cohort study of 558 patients treated with proton radiation from 1973 to 2001 at the Harvard Cyclotron in Cambridge, MA and 558 matched patients treated with photon therapy in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program cancer registry. Patients were matched by age at radiation treatment, sex, year of treatment, cancer histology, and site. The main outcome measure was the incidence of second malignancies after radiation. Results We matched 558 proton patients with 558 photon patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry. The median duration of follow-up was 6.7 years (interquartile range, 7.4) and 6.0 years (interquartile range, 9.3) in the proton and photon cohorts, respectively. The median age at treatment was 59 years in each cohort. Second malignancies occurred in 29 proton patients (5.2%) and 42 photon patients (7.5%). After we adjusted for sex, age at treatment, primary site, and year of diagnosis, proton therapy was not associated with an increased risk of second malignancy (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.52 [95% confidence interval, 0.32-0.85]; P =.009). Conclusions The use of proton radiation therapy was not associated with a significantly increased risk of secondary malignancies compared with photon therapy. Longer follow-up of these patients is needed to determine if there is a significant decrease in second malignancies. Given the limitations of the study, these results should be viewed as hypothesis generating.read more
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Carbon ion radiotherapy in Japan: an assessment of 20 years of clinical experience.
Tadashi Kamada,Hirohiko Tsujii,Eleanor A. Blakely,Jürgen Debus,Wilfried De Neve,Marco Durante,Oliver Jäkel,Ramona Mayer,Roberto Orecchia,Richard Pötter,S. Vatnitsky,William T. Chu +11 more
TL;DR: A panel of radiation oncologists, radiobiologists, and medical physicists from the USA and Europe recently completed peer review of the carbon ion therapy at NIRS, and promising data were obtained for other tumours, such as locally recurrent rectal cancer and pancreatic cancer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Proton therapy - Present and future
Radhe Mohan,David R. Grosshans +1 more
TL;DR: It is asserted that proton therapy will be a commonly applied radiotherapy modality for most types of solid cancers in the near future through image-guidance, adaptive radiotherapy, further study of biological properties of protons and the development of novel dose computation and optimization methods.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nuclear physics in particle therapy: a review.
Marco Durante,Harald Paganetti +1 more
TL;DR: Research in applied nuclear physics, including nuclear interactions, dosimetry, image guidance, range verification, novel accelerators and beam delivery technologies, can significantly improve the clinical outcome in particle therapy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Radiation induced secondary malignancies: a review article.
TL;DR: The pathogenesis, factors contributing to RISM, screening and prevention strategies of RISM are discussed, which are a growing concern in oncology because of the increased number of cancer survivors and efforts are being made to prevent or decrease the incidence.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fundamental Biological Features of Spaceflight: Advancing the Field to Enable Deep-Space Exploration.
Ebrahim Afshinnekoo,Ryan T. Scott,Matthew MacKay,Eloise Pariset,Eloise Pariset,Egle Cekanaviciute,Richard Barker,Simon Gilroy,Duane C. Hassane,Scott M. Smith,Sara R. Zwart,Mayra Nelman-Gonzalez,Brian Crucian,S. A. Ponomarev,Oleg Orlov,Dai Shiba,Masafumi Muratani,Masayuki Yamamoto,Stephanie E. Richards,Parag Vaishampayan,Cem Meydan,Jonathan Foox,Jacqueline Myrrhe,Eric Istasse,Nitin Kumar Singh,Kasthuri Venkateswaran,Jessica A. Keune,Hami E. Ray,Mathias Basner,Jack M. Miller,Jack M. Miller,Martha Hotz Vitaterna,Deanne Taylor,Deanne Taylor,Douglas C. Wallace,Douglas C. Wallace,Kathleen Rubins,Susan M. Bailey,Peter Grabham,Sylvain V. Costes,Christopher E. Mason,Afshin Beheshti,Afshin Beheshti +42 more
TL;DR: The known hazards of human spaceflight are reviewed, how spaceflight affects living systems through these six fundamental features, and the associated health risks of space exploration are discussed.
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Intensity-modulated radiation therapy, protons, and the risk of second cancers.
TL;DR: Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) allows dose to be concentrated in the tumor volume while sparing normal tissues, however, the downside to IMRT is the potential to increase the number of radiation-induced second cancers, so that doubling it may not be acceptable in older patients and in children.