Inclusion and Democracy

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Inclusion and Democracy

01 Jan 2002-

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the importance of representation and social difference as a political resource for self-deterministic and self-representative political communication, and the limits of civil society and its limits.

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Abstract: Introduction. Chapter 1: Democracy and Justice. Chapter 2: Inclusive Political Communication. Chapter 3: Social Difference as a Political Resource. Chapter 4: Representation and Social Perspective. Chapter 5: Civil Society and Its Limits. Chapter 6: Residential Segregation and Regional Democracy. Chapter 7 Self-Determination and Global Democracy

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Journal Article•DOI•

Varieties of Participation in Complex Governance

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Archon Fung¹•Institutions (1)

Harvard University¹

09 Nov 2006-Public Administration Review

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors develop a framework for understanding the range of institutional possibilities for public participation, including who participates, how participants communicate with one another and make decisions together, and how discussions are linked with policy or public action.

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Abstract: The multifaceted challenges of contemporary governance demand a complex account of the ways in which those who are subject to laws and policies should participate in making them. This article develops a framework for understanding the range of institutional possibilities for public participation. Mechanisms of participation vary along three important dimensions: who participates, how participants communicate with one another and make decisions together, and how discussions are linked with policy or public action. These three dimensions constitute a space in which any particular mechanism of participation can be located. Different regions of this institutional design space are more and less suited to addressing important problems of democratic governance such as legitimacy, justice, and effective administration.

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1,526 citations

Cites background from "Inclusion and Democracy"

...Iris Marion Young has indicated one solution to this kind of legitimation problem in her idea of communicative representation.26 In this view, the process of political representation requires continual interaction and mutual education between political representatives and their constituents in part to minimize such rifts....
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...Second, those who participate in typical public meetings may have what James Fishkin calls “raw preferences” 26 Iris Marion Young (2002). that are uninformed or unreflective.27 Given these two problems, the typical public hearing fails to elicit the kinds of reasons that improve the legitimacy of decision-making.28 A number of initiatives seek to address these two problems by designing participatory forums that are more inclusive and representative on the participant dimension and more intensive on the communicative dimension....
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...Second, those who participate in typical public meetings may have what James Fishkin calls “raw preferences” 26 Iris Marion Young (2002). that are uninformed or unreflective.27 Given these two problems, the typical public hearing fails to elicit the kinds of reasons that improve the legitimacy of…...
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...Young, Iris Marion....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Unpacking 'Participation': models, meanings and practices

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Andrea Cornwall

01 Jul 2008-Community Development Journal

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore some of the meanings and practices associated with participation, in theory and in practice, and suggest that it is vital to pay closer attention to who is participating, in what and for whose benefit.

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Abstract: The world over, public institutions appear to be responding to the calls voiced by activists, development practitioners and progressive thinkers for greater public involvement in making the decisions that matter and holding governments to account for following through on their commitments. Yet what exactly 'participation' means to these different actors can vary enormously. This article explores some of the meanings and practices associated with participation, in theory and in practice. It suggests that it is vital to pay closer attention to who is participating, in what and for whose benefit. Vagueness about what participation means may have helped the promise of public involvement gain purchase, but it may be time for more of what Cohen and Uphoff term 'clarity through specificity' if the call for more participation is to realize its democratizing promise.

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1,177 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Accountability and Abuses of Power in World Politics

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Ruth W. Grant¹, Robert O. Keohane²•Institutions (2)

Duke University¹, Princeton University²

01 Feb 2005-American Political Science Review

TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify seven types of accountability mechanisms and consider their applicability to states, NGOs, multilateral organizations, multinational corporations, and transgovernmental networks, and identify opportunities for improving protections against abuses of power at the global level.

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Abstract: Debates about globalization have centered on calls to improve accountability to limit abuses of power in world politics. How should we think about global accountability in the absence of global democracy? Who should hold whom to account and according to what standards? Thinking clearly about these questions requires recognizing a distinction, evident in theories of accountability at the nation-state level, between “participation” and “delegation” models of accountability. The distinction helps to explain why accountability is so problematic at the global level and to clarify alternative possibilities for pragmatic improvements in accountability mechanisms globally. We identify seven types of accountability mechanisms and consider their applicability to states, NGOs, multilateral organizations, multinational corporations, and transgovernmental networks. By disaggregating the problem in this way, we hope to identify opportunities for improving protections against abuses of power at the global level.

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1,137 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Should we go “home” to eat?: toward a reflexive politics of localism

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E. Melanie DuPuis, David Goodman¹•Institutions (1)

University of California, Santa Cruz¹

01 Jul 2005-Journal of Rural Studies

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that rather than declaiming the "radical particularism" of localism, it is more productive to question an "unreflexive localism" and to forge localist alliances that pay attention to equality and social justice.

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969 citations

Cites background from "Inclusion and Democracy"

...How to make localism an open, process-based vision (Young, 2000), rather than a fixed set of standards, is one of the major challenges the alternative food systems movement faces today....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Diversity, Group Identity, and Citizenship Education in a Global Age

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James A. Banks¹•Institutions (1)

University of Washington¹

01 Apr 2008-Educational Researcher

TL;DR: This article argued that citizenship education should be reformulated to reflect the home cultures and languages of students from diverse groups, and argued that group rights can help individuals to attain structural equality, and discussed the implications of his analysis for transforming citizenship education.

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Abstract: Worldwide immigration and quests for rights by minority groups have caused social scientists and educators to raise serious questions about liberal assimilationist conceptions of citizenship that historically have dominated citizenship education in nation-states. The author of this article challenges liberal assimilationist conceptions of citizenship and citizenship education. He argues that citizenship education should be reformed so that it reflects the home cultures and languages of students from diverse groups, and he contends that group rights can help individuals to attain structural equality. In the final part of the article, he discusses the implications of his analysis for transforming citizenship education.

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942 citations

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Inclusion and Democracy

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Cites background from "Inclusion and Democracy"

Cites background from "Inclusion and Democracy"

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