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Journal ArticleDOI

Incontinência urinária e a prática de atividades físicas

01 Aug 2007-Revista Brasileira De Medicina Do Esporte (Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina do Exercício e do Esporte)-Vol. 13, Iss: 4, pp 270-274
TL;DR: The physical education professional has a basic role in the adequate orientation of exercises transforming this practice into a urinary incontinence preventive intervention among physically active women.
Abstract: The urinary incontinence is defined as "every involuntary loss of urinary". It happens with women more frequently, and is mainly caused by childbirths and gestations that can injure the muscles responsible for the women continence. Indeed, it is very common women who practice physical activities and sports to present incontinence. Many of these women abandon their activities to prevent discharging urine during these practices which causes shame, embarrassment besides interference with the performance during the exercise. There is no research that argues this subject in the area of the physical education. The objective of this study consisted in a bibliographical revision about urinary incontinence, analyzing its relation with physical activities and sports for women, the impact caused by the incontinence in these practices, and in what form the physical education professional can facilitate a more comfortable and safe practices to these women. The literature data on this subject is very recent, but they are enough to evidence that the physical and sport practices of exercises demanding a lot of efforts and high impact can lead to the urinary incontinence. The women who do not abandon their activities because of this incontinence use some strategies to prevent the discharge of urine, as the use of absorbents and water restriction. The physical education professional has a basic role in the adequate orientation of exercises transforming this practice into a urinary incontinence preventive intervention among physically active women.

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Citations
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Journal Article
TL;DR: For example, this paper found that participants who participated in Olympic sport were more likely to report stress and urge incontinence, compared with those who did not participate in Olympic sports.
Abstract: Objective To determine whether women engaged in strenuous, provocative exercise are more likely to be incontinent in future life than similarly fit women who participated in less provocative exercise. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, female American Olympians who competed in swimming (low-impact group) and in gymnastics and track and field (high-impact group) between 1960 and 1976 completed a structured questionnaire. Primary outcome measures included the prevalence of the symptoms of stress and urge incontinence. Statistical analyses of results included χ 2 , Fisher exact test, two-tailed t tests, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and stepwise multiple logistic regression. P Results One hundred four women responded (response rate 51.2%). High-impact athletes were older (46.2 compared with 42.4 years) and were more likely to report incontinence when they were doing their sport as Olympians (35.8% compared with 4.5%) than low-impact athletes; low-impact athletes were more likely to be parous (83.3% compared with 60.7%). There was no difference in the prevalence of the symptom of stress incontinence between the highversus low-impact groups: any incontinence, 41.1% compared with 50%; daily or weekly incontinence, 10.7% compared with 8.3%; and incontinence that bothered them moderately or greatly, 10.7% compared with 4.2%. With our sample size, this study had 80% power to detect a fourfold difference in daily or weekly incontinence between groups, but only a 30% power to detect a twofold difference, given a baseline prevalence of 10%. When age, body mass index (BMI), parity, Olympic sport group, and incontinence during Olympic sport were entered into stepwise logistic regression analyses, only BMI was significantly associated with regular stress or urge incontinence symptoms. Conclusion Participation in regular, strenuous, highimpact activity when younger did not predispose women to a markedly higher rate of clinically significant urinary incontinence in later life.

94 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Women who attend gym and perform high impact exercises have a higher prevalence of urinary incontinence symptoms, independent of the exercise modality, than women who do not perform any high impact exercise.
Abstract: Stress urinary incontinence is a frequent complaint in medical offices and studies have shown that women who practice high impact sports develop its symptoms. To evaluate the prevalence of stress urinary incontinence in women who attend gyms and perform high impact exercises and correlate it with women who do not attend gyms. Prospective comparative study in which 488 nulliparous women of normal weight were divided into a Study Group, composed of women who attended gyms, and a Comparative Group, composed of women who did not attend gyms. Three questionnaires were used for the evaluation of stress urinary incontinence and the results of the ICIQ-SF questionnaire were used to compare the groups. There was a significant difference between groups on the ICIQ-SF. The average in the Study Group was 1.68 (+ 3.46) and in the Comparative Group the average was 1.02 (+ 2.69) (p = 0.006). Women who attend gym and perform high impact exercises have a higher prevalence of urinary incontinence symptoms, independent of the exercise modality, than women who do not perform any high impact exercise.

84 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A systematic review of the prevalence of UI in female athletes in different sports showed a 36% prevalence, and compared with sedentary women, the athletes had a 177% higher risk of presenting with UI.
Abstract: Urinary incontinence (UI) is any involuntary loss of urine. In female athletes, physical exercise may be a risk factor for UI because of increased intra-abdominal pressure generated during high-impact exercises, which overloads the pelvic organs, predisposing them to UI. This is a systematic review of the prevalence of UI in female athletes in different sports. A search for articles was carried out in the PEDro, Scopus, Cinahl, PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, Science Direct, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases as well as a manual search of the references of studies already published on the subject with the keywords “athlete,” “urinary incontinence,” and “women” in Portuguese and English. Only articles published from 2000 to 2016 were included. Observational studies assessing the prevalence of UI in female athletes were selected. Methodological quality was assessed using the Downs and Black scale, and the data collected from the studies were analyzed through meta-analysis. Eight studies met the eligibility criteria. Meta-analysis showed a 36% prevalence of UI in female athletes in different sports, and compared with sedentary women, the athletes had a 177% higher risk of presenting with UI. There is a higher prevalence of UI in female athletes compared with sedentary women. There have been reports of UI in different sports.

74 citations


Cites background from "Incontinência urinária e a prática ..."

  • ...Similarly, our study found a 44% prevalence of SUI among the different sports described in the included articles....

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  • ...[26] relate that athletes use strategies to minimize the loss of urine, like emptying the bladder before competitions, lowering the ingestion of liquids and restricting certain activities, and avoiding some types of exercise that cause loss of urine, like jumping and running, increasing the lack of female participation in certain sports [7]....

    [...]

  • ...SUI was found to be a very common dysfunction among physically active women....

    [...]

  • ...In addition, the lack of contraction of the pelvic floor muscles during exercises that increase intra-abdominal pressure, along with the continence mechanism impaired by the sports, may contribute to the occurrence of UI in this population [7]....

    [...]

  • ...Studies mention that athletes should be taught to perform a pre-contraction or simultaneous contraction of the pelvic floor muscles while practicing physical activities, strengthening the muscles and preparing them for that function with the goal of preventing UI [7]....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 2011
TL;DR: Los datos obtenidos permiten acciones ampliadas para el atendimiento medico and the orientacion of mujeres with incontinencia urinaria.
Abstract: La incontinencia urinaria (IU) es un problema comun, afectando principalmente a las mujeres, y perjudica su calidad de vida. La finalidad fue investigar la calidad de vida de mujeres con quejas de incontinencia urinaria que buscaron atendimiento medico en ambulatorio de urologia de un hospital escuela. Se entrevisto a 43 mujeres con queja de IU y se cumplieron todos los aspectos eticos de la investigacion en seres humanos. La media de edad fue de 50,7 anos; 62,8% relataron perdida de orina entre 5 y 9 anos. Hubo muchos relatos de danos fisicos y psicologicos causados por la incontinencia urinaria: un 33,5% en la interaccion psicosocial; un 23,3% en la vida sexual; 41,9% depresion y aislamiento social; 27,9% alteraciones del sueno; 76,7% verguenza debido a la perdida de orina. Los datos obtenidos permiten acciones ampliadas para el atendimiento medico y la orientacion de mujeres con incontinencia urinaria.

23 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Home exercises contributed to the maintenance of continence following a physical therapy treatment for Stress Urinary Incontinence and functional assessment of the pelvic floor and urinary incontinence.
Abstract: OBJETIVOS: Descrever os resultados da pratica de exercicios domicilares para o assoalho pelvico em mulheres continentes nos quesitos avaliacao funcional do assoalho pelvico (AFA) e presenca de incontinencia urinaria apos um ano de tratamento fisioterapeutico. METODOS: Estudo observacional com 15 mulheres um ano apos o tratamento fisioterapeutico para incontinencia urinaria de esforco (IUE). As variaveis analisadas neste estudo foram: situacoes de perda urinaria, utilizacao de protecao diaria, manutencao dos exercicios domiciliares para o assoalho pelvico, AFA e satisfacao da paciente em relacao ao tratamento. Tambem foram investigadas algumas variaveis de confusao, como: estado hormonal, numero de partos vaginais e realizacao de episiotomia. RESULTADOS: Apos um ano do termino do tratamento fisioterapeutico, observou-se que a AFA manteve-se (Md=5; p=0,08). Quanto a presenca de perda urinaria, 40% da amostra relatou ser leve, nao sendo necessaria a utilizacao de protetores diarios. Observou-se tambem associacao significante (p=0,001) entre a pratica de exercicios domiciliares e o quadro clinico normal. As variaveis de confusao, que poderiam comprometer o quadro clinico, nao apresentaram associacao significativa (p≥0,05). CONCLUSAO: A realizacao dos exercicios domiciliares sugeridos demonstra ser uma variavel importante na manutencao da continencia urinaria ao final do tratamento fisioterapeutico.

19 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Whether modifiable lifestyle factors such as smoking, obesity, physical activity and intake of alcohol or caffeinated drinks were associated with urinary incontinence in women was examined.

479 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence is presented indicating that supervised, long-term, moderate to moderately vigorous intensity exercise training, in the absence of therapeutic weight loss, improves the dyslipidaemic profile by raising high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and lowering triglycerides in overweight and obese adults with characteristics of the metabolic syndrome.
Abstract: Prevention of the metabolic syndrome and treatment of its main characteristics are now considered of utmost importance in order to combat the epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus and to reduce the increased risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Insulin resistance/hyperinsulinaemia are consistently linked with a clustering of multiple clinical and subclinical metabolic risk factors. It is now widely recognised that obesity (especially abdominal fat accumulation), hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and hypertension are common metabolic traits that, concurrently, constitute the distinctive insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome. Cross-sectional and prospective data provide an emerging picture of associations of both physical activity habits and cardiorespiratory fitness with the metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome, is a disorder that requires aggressive multi-factorial intervention. Recent treatment guidelines have emphasised the clinical utility of diagnosis and an important treatment role for 'therapeutic lifestyle change', incorporating moderate physical activity. Several previous narrative reviews have considered exercise training as an effective treatment for insulin resistance and other components of the syndrome. However, the evidence cited has been less consistent for exercise training effects on several metabolic syndrome variables, unless combined with appropriate dietary modifications to achieve weight loss. Recently published randomised controlled trial data concerning the effects of exercise training on separate metabolic syndrome traits are evaluated within this review. Novel systematic review and meta-analysis evidence is presented indicating that supervised, long-term, moderate to moderately vigorous intensity exercise training, in the absence of therapeutic weight loss, improves the dyslipidaemic profile by raising high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and lowering triglycerides in overweight and obese adults with characteristics of the metabolic syndrome. Lifestyle interventions, including exercise and dietary-induced weight loss may improve insulin resistance and glucose tolerance in obesity states and are highly effective in preventing or delaying the onset of type 2 diabetes in individuals with impaired glucose regulation. Randomised controlled trial evidence also indicates that exercise training decreases blood pressure in overweight/obese individuals with high normal blood pressure and hypertension. These evidence-based findings continue to support recommendations that supervised or partially supervised exercise training is an important initial adjunctive step in the treatment of individuals with the metabolic syndrome. Exercise training should be considered an essential part of 'therapeutic lifestyle change' and may concurrently improve insulin resistance and the entire cluster of metabolic risk factors.

320 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
05 Nov 1988-BMJ
TL;DR: The purpose of this study was to examine initial delay and reasons for delay in seeking treatment among women who were ultimately referred to a urodynamic clinic.
Abstract: Correspondence to: Mr S L Stanton, Urodynamic Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St George's Hospital, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE. It is ironic that though many personal topics may be openly discussed with patients or in the media, uro logical symptoms are still largely avoided. Yet urinary complaints are common among women, although exact prevalence is difficult to estimate because various researchers use different definitions of severity and patients have different thresholds for complaint. Nemir and Middleton1 found occasional stress inconti? nence in half of the premenopausal women they studied, and Brocklehurst2 estimated the prevalence of urgency, frequency, and nocturia in elderly women to be 60%. Using stricter criteria, Yarnell et al found that 3-7% of women in the general population complained of "significant" urinary incontinence.3 It seems that patients who present to their doctor complaining of various urinary symptoms, from occasional episodes to constant leakage, share one common factor: the problem has become so personally worrying that the patient is compelled to seek medical advice. Thomas et al found that only a third of women complaining of moderate or severe incontinence were receiving medical care or help from the social services.4 In the study by Yarnell et al of the women who reported that urinary symptoms interfered with social or domestic life, only half had sought medical advice.3 Thus patients with urinary symptoms who seek medical advice represent only the tip of the iceberg, and many who are troubled by their urinary complaints may delay seeking treatment. Although such delay is a common clinical impression, it has not been previously investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine initial delay and reasons for delay in seeking treatment among women who were ultimately referred to a urodynamic clinic. Since delay might be justified if symptoms are not unduly troublesome to the woman restriction of activities and feelings of stigma were also assessed.

319 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A systematic review of the literature on urinary incontinence and participation in sport and fitness activities with a special emphasis on prevalence and treatment in female elite athletes finds there is a need for more basic research on pelvic floor muscle function during physical activity and the effect of pelvic floor Muscle training inFemale elite athletes.
Abstract: Urinary incontinence is defined as “the complaint of any involuntary leakage of urine” and is a common problem in the female population with prevalence rates varying between 10% and 55% in 15- to 64-year-old women. The most frequent form of urinary incontinence in women is stress urinary incontinence, defined as “involuntary leakage on effort or exertion, or on sneezing or coughing”. The aim of this article is to systematically review the literature on urinary incontinence and participation in sport and fitness activities with a special emphasis on prevalence and treatment in female elite athletes. Stress urinary incontinence is a barrier to women’s participation in sport and fitness activities and, therefore, it may be a threat to women’s health, self-esteem and well-being. The prevalence during sports among young, nulliparous elite athletes varies between 0% (golf) and 80% (trampolinists). The highest prevalence is found in sports involving high impact activities such as gymnastics, track and field, and some ball games. A ‘stiff’ and strong pelvic floor positioned at an optimal level inside the pelvis may be a crucial factor in counteracting the increases in abdominal pressure occurring during high-impact activities. There are no randomised controlled trials or reports on the effect of any treatment for stress urinary incontinence in female elite athletes. However, strength training of the pelvic floor muscles has been shown to be effective in treating stress urinary incontinence in parous females in the general population. In randomised controlled trials, reported cure rates, defined as <2g of leakage on pad tests, varied between 44% and 69%. Pelvic floor muscle training has no serious adverse effects and has been recommended as first-line treatment in the general population. Use of preventive devices such as vaginal tampons or pessaries can prevent leakage during high impact physical activity. The pelvic floor muscles need to be much stronger in elite athletes than in other women. There is a need for more basic research on pelvic floor muscle function during physical activity and the effect of pelvic floor muscle training in female elite athletes.

319 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the prevalence of the symptom of urinary incontinence during athletic endeavors among a group of nulliparous, elite college varsity female athletes was found to be high.

265 citations