Increased frequency of malaria attacks in subjects co-infected by intestinal worms and Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
Citations
864 citations
Cites background from "Increased frequency of malaria atta..."
...Alternatively, the additional burden of helminth infection may increase the severity of malaria infection (180)....
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785 citations
Cites background from "Increased frequency of malaria atta..."
...Druilhe et al. [62] have hypothesized that the STHs and schistosomes immunomodulate the host to increase malaria susceptibility by shifting their humoral responses from malaria-protective, cytophilic humoral antibodies (IgG1 and IgG3) to nonprotective, noncytophilic subclasses (IgG2 , IgG4, and IgM)....
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...These studies include those from Senegal showing enhanced risk or increased incidence of clinical malaria resulting from either STH [64,66] or schistosome [68] infections, unpublished studies from Malawi showing that women infected with hookworms were at 1.8 times higher risk of having malaria than uninfected women [89], and studies from Thailand showing increased susceptibility to malaria in patients with STH infections [90–93]....
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...In addition to affecting STH and schistosome deworming, ectoparasite control, and control or elimination of LF and onchocerciasis, the three anthelmintics would help to reduce anemia as well as the progression of disease resulting from HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria [62,65]....
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...Each of the three major STHs (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and the hookworms, Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale) and the two schistosomes (Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni) are highly endemic to sub-Saharan Africa, where they adversely affect childhood growth and physical fi tness [18–24]....
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...In Senegal, deworming for STH infections was shown to be equivalent to the protection from malaria conferred by the sickle cell trait [62,64], and has the added effect of restoring T cell responses to mycobacterial antigens in helminth-exposed individuals before and after BCG vaccination [107,108]....
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Cites background from "Increased frequency of malaria atta..."
...], especially by reducing the frequency of malaria fevers, the frequency of severe and cerebral malaria, and the prevalence of anaemia [...
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References
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