Increased Levels of 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine and Malondialdehyde and its Relationship with Antioxidant Enzymes in Saliva of Periodontitis Patients
01 Apr 2009-European Journal of Dentistry (Dental Investigations Society)-Vol. 3, Iss: 2, pp 100-106
TL;DR: Higher salivary 8-OHdG and MDA levels and lower Salivary antioxidant activities seem to reflect increased oxygen radical activity during periodontal inflammation.
Abstract: Objectives:
The aim of this study was to evaluate 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in whole saliva of patients with chronic periodontitis. Moreover, the relationship among the oxidative damage biomarkers, antioxidant enzymes activities and clinical periodontal status were investigated.
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TL;DR: This review focuses on increased oxidative stress in periodontal disease, specifically, on the relationship between the local and systemic biomarkers of oxidative stress and periodontitis and their association with the pathogenesis ofperiodontitis.
Abstract: Periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease, which is initiated by bacterial infection and subsequently progressed by aberrant host response. It can result in the destruction of teeth supporting tissues and have an influence on systemic health. When periodontitis occurs, reactive oxygen species, which are overproduced mostly by hyperactive neutrophils, could not be balanced by antioxidant defense system and cause tissues damage. This is characterized by increased metabolites of lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and protein damage. Local and systemic activities of antioxidants can also be influenced by periodontitis. Total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status and oxidative stress index have been used to evaluate the oxidative stress associated with periodontitis. Studies have confirmed that inflammatory response in periodontitis is associated with an increased local and systemic oxidative stress and compromised antioxidant capacity. Our review focuses on increased oxidative stress in periodontal disease, specifically, on the relationship between the local and systemic biomarkers of oxidative stress and periodontitis and their association with the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Also, the relationship between periodontitis and systemic inflammation, and the effects of periodontal therapy on oxidative stress parameters will be discussed.
179 citations
Cites background from "Increased Levels of 8-Hydroxydeoxyg..."
...Canakci et al., 2009 MDA Saliva 20 CP; 20 controls ↑MDA in CP than controls (p < 0.05) Miricescu et al., 2014 MDA Saliva 33 CP; 16 gingivitis; 37 controls ↑MDA in CP than controls and gingivitis, and correlates with the percentage of bleeding on probing and presence of periodontal pathogens....
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...The activities of SOD and GPx in saliva were decreased in periodontitis patients (Canakci et al., 2009)....
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...…patients compared with that of healthy controls as well as their significant association with clinical periodontal parameters (Takane et al., 2002; Canakci et al., 2009; Su et al., 2009; Sezer et al., 2012; Dede et al., 2013; Hendek et al., 2015; Kurgan et al., 2015; Zamora-Perez et al., 2015;…...
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...…Ellis et al., 1998 SOD; GPx Saliva 30 CP; 30 controls ↓SOD and ↓GPx in CP (p < 0.05); SOD and GPx negatively correlates with MDA and 8-OHdG (p < 0.001) Canakci et al., 2009 SOD; CAT; glutathione reductase Saliva 30 CP; 30 controls ↓SOD, ↓CAT, and ↓glutathione reductase in CP; SOD, CAT, and…...
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...…salivary MDA in periodontitis patients compared to periodontally healthy controls (Tsai et al., 2005; Akalin et al., 2007; Guentsch et al., 2008; Canakci et al., 2009;Wei et al., 2010; Baltacioglu et al., 2014b;Miricescu et al., 2014; Trivedi et al., 2014; Almerich-Silla et al., 2015; Onder et…...
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TL;DR: This review article provides an up-to-date list of potential OSCC salivary biomarkers reported as of the fall of 2013, and discusses those emerging issues.
Abstract: Using saliva for disease diagnostics and health surveillance is a promising approach as collecting saliva is relatively easy and non-invasive. Over the past two decades, using salivary biomarkers specifically for early cancer detection has attracted much research interest, especially for cancers occurring in the oral cavity and oropharynx, for which the five-year survival rate (62%) is still one of the lowest among all major human cancers. More than 90% of oral cancers are oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and the standard method for detection is through a comprehensive clinical examination by oral healthcare professionals. Despite the fact that the oral cavity is easily accessible, most OSCCs are not diagnosed until an advanced stage, which is believed to be the major reason for the low survival rate, and points to the urgent need for clinical diagnostic aids for early detection of OSCC. Thus, much research effort has been dedicated to investigating potential salivary biomarkers for OSCC, and more than 100 such biomarkers have been reported in the literature. However, some important issues and challenges have emerged that require solutions and further research in order to find reliable OSCC salivary biomarkers for clinical use. This review article provides an up-to-date list of potential OSCC salivary biomarkers reported as of the fall of 2013, and discusses those emerging issues. By raising the awareness of these issues on the part of both researchers and clinicians, it is hoped that reliable, specific and sensitive salivary biomarkers may be found soon—and not only biomarkers for early OSCC detection but also for detecting other types of cancers or even for monitoring non-cancerous disease activity.
177 citations
Cites background from "Increased Levels of 8-Hydroxydeoxyg..."
...Indeed, the levels of some of these salivary constituents have been reported to be significantly higher or lower in periodontitis or OLP patients who did not have OSCC [67,69,71,72,83,84]....
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TL;DR: The result of this meta-analysis supported the rationale that there was a direct link between CP and OS-related biomarkers' levels in the local site, indicating the important role of OS in the onset and development of CP.
Abstract: Aim Oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers have been detected in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during chronic periodontitis (CP) progression; however, the relationship between OS biomarkers and CP progression remains elusive. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to investigate the relationship between local OS biomarkers and CP. Methods This review was conducted through a systematic search from three databases. Studies on CP participants were included as an experimental group, and studies on periodontally healthy (PH) participants were included as a control. Mean effects were expressed as standardized mean difference with their associated 95% confidence intervals. Results From a total of 2,972 articles, 32 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. We found a significant decrease of total antioxidant capacity and a significant increase of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide, total oxidant status (TOS), and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine levels in the saliva of CP patients. Moreover, we also found an elevation of MDA level in GCF of CP group when compared with the PH group. There were no significant differences of salivary and GCF superoxide dismutase levels, salivary glutathione peroxidase level, and GCF TOS level between two groups. However, a high heterogeneity was observed among evaluated studies. Conclusions Despite the limitations of this study, the result of our meta-analysis supported the rationale that there was a direct link between CP and OS-related biomarkers' levels in the local site, indicating the important role of OS in the onset and development of CP.
105 citations
TL;DR: The findings of this study suggest an increased oxidative stress and imbalance in the antioxidant defense system in biological fluids of patients with OLP.
Abstract: J Oral Pathol Med (2011) 40: 286–293
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess oxidative stress and antioxidant profile in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) using serum and salivary samples and to compare these biomarkers in a group of healthy subjects.
Patients and methods: Twenty-one recently diagnosed patients with OLP and 20 healthy controls with matched periodontal status were recruited to the study. Total antioxidant activity (TAA) and lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) in both serum and saliva were determined. Univariate comparisons between the two groups were made for quantitative and categorical variables to determine any significant differences.
Results: In OLP patients, total antioxidant defense (TAA) was significantly lower than that in healthy subjects in their serum samples (P = 0.01). Salivary MDA levels were significantly higher in the OLP group compared with healthy subjects (P = 0.03). A significant correlation was found between serum and saliva TAA estimates in patients with OLP (r = 0.714 and P = 0.0001) and in the control group (r = 0.69 and P = 0.001). Significant correlation was also found between serum and saliva MDA values in control group (r = 0.464 and P = 0.04). A significant inverse correlation was found between salivary MDA and TAA values in the control group (r = −0.598 and P = 0.005).
Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest an increased oxidative stress and imbalance in the antioxidant defense system in biological fluids of patients with OLP. These findings may reflect the disease phenomenon of OLP rather than a causal effect and their role in pathogenesis and transformation of OLP to cancer, if any, needs further elucidation.
103 citations
Cites background from "Increased Levels of 8-Hydroxydeoxyg..."
...Higher salivary MDA level and lower salivary antioxidant activities seem to reflect increased oxygen radical activity during periodontal inflammation (19, 20)....
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TL;DR: The role of oxidative stress in the tissue destruction manifest in periodontitis is discussed, and the mechanisms that protect against this oxidative stress are discussed.
Abstract: Periodontitis, an inflammatory disease that affects the tissues surrounding the teeth, is a common disease worldwide It is caused by a dysregulation of the host inflammatory response to bacterial infection, which leads to soft and hard tissue destruction In particular, it is the excessive inflammation in response to bacterial plaque that leads to the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from neutrophils, which, then play a critical role in the destruction of periodontal tissue Generally, ROS produced from immune cells exhibit an anti-bacterial effect and play a role in host defense and immune regulation Excessive ROS, however, can exert cytotoxic effects, cause oxidative damage to proteins and DNA, can interfere with cell growth and cell cycle progression, and induce apoptosis of gingival fibroblasts Collectively, these effects enable ROS to directly induce periodontal tissue damage Some ROS also act as intracellular signaling molecules during osteoclastogenesis, and can thus also play an indirect role in bone destruction Cells have several protective mechanisms to manage such oxidative stress, most of which involve production of cytoprotective enzymes that scavenge ROS These enzymes are transcriptionally regulated via NRF2, Sirtuin, and FOXO Some reports indicate an association between periodontitis and these cytoprotective enzymes’ regulatory axes, with superoxide dismutase (SOD) the most extensively investigated In this review article, we discuss the role of oxidative stress in the tissue destruction manifest in periodontitis, and the mechanisms that protect against this oxidative stress
99 citations
Cites background from "Increased Levels of 8-Hydroxydeoxyg..."
...Therapeutically targeting SOD for the treatment of periodontitis may however produce substantive side effects, due to its beneficial effect on periodontopathogenic bacteria....
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...These data support a role for SOD as a potential diagnostic marker for periodontitis....
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...Clinical studies in humans indicate that periodontal therapy returns elevated SOD levels to normal (Novakovic et al., 2013, 2014; Sukhtankar et al., 2013; Singh et al., 2014)....
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...Some reports indicate an association between periodontitis and these cytoprotective enzymes’ regulatory axes, with superoxide dismutase (SOD) the most extensively investigated....
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...This has been confirmed in human gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) (Akalin et al., 2005; Wei et al., 2010), serum (Wei et al., 2010), and saliva SOD (Canakci et al., 2009; Guentsch et al., 2012; Karim et al., 2012)....
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4,653 citations