Increasing the Resistance of Piles Subject to Cyclic Lateral Loading
08 Jan 2011-Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering (American Society of Civil Engineers)-Vol. 137, Iss: 10, pp 977-982
TL;DR: In this paper, small-scale tests were carried out on a monopile and fin piles to determine the effect the length of fins had upon the lateral displacement of cyclically loaded piles.
Abstract: Small-scale tests were carried out on a monopile and fin piles to determine the effect the length of fins had upon the lateral displacement of cyclically loaded piles. A variety of loading conditions were applied to model piles in a dense sand by using a mechanical loading system. Ten thousand cycles were used in each test to represent 20 years of environmental loading on offshore structures. Variables included the magnitude, frequency, and direction of the load; the type of pile tip; and the length of the fins. The reduction in pile head displacement was used as a measure of the efficiency of the fins. The tests show that the fins reduced the lateral displacement by at least 50% after 10,000 cycles.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a pile with fins is proposed to deal with large lateral loads on pile foundation supporting structures, such as bridge abutments, retaining walls, and structures subjected to wind-earthquake loads.
Abstract: Large lateral loads may act on pile foundation supporting structures, such as bridge abutments, retaining walls, and structures subjected to wind–earthquake loads. A pile with fins is a newly devel...
57 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a hybrid foundation for offshore wind turbines (OWT) is studied, combining a monopile of diameter d and length L with a lightweight circular footing of diameter D. The footing is composed of steel plates and stiffeners forming compartments, backfilled to increase the vertical load.
55 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the structural and environmental loading for existing and planned offshore wind turbine (OWT) structures supported by monopile foundations is discussed. But the structural design and nominal size of the OWT is not discussed.
Abstract: Offshore wind turbines (OWTs) are generally supported by large-diameter monopiles, with the combination of axial forces, lateral forces, bending moments, and torsional moments generated by the OWT structure and various environmental factors resisted by earth pressures mobilized in the soil foundation. The lateral loading on the monopile foundation is essentially cyclic in nature and typically of low amplitude. This state-of-the-art review paper presents details on the geometric design, nominal size, and structural and environmental loading for existing and planned OWT structures supported by monopile foundations. Pertinent ocean-environment loading conditions, including methods of calculation using site-specific data, are described along with wave particle kinematics, focusing on correlations between the loading frequency and natural vibration frequency of the OWT structure. Existing methods for modeling soil under cyclic loading are reviewed, focusing in particular on strain accumulation models that cons...
47 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper , the behavior of hybrid pile foundation under cyclic lateral load was studied based on three-dimensional coupled discrete continuum modeling. And the influence of pile stiffness and hybrid foundation type was considered.
37 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, an innovative hybrid foundation consisting of a traditional monopile and a wide-shallow bucket is developed for offshore wind turbines in severe marine environments, and a series of numerical analyses are conducted to investigate its behavior under the static and dynamic loading, considering various loading eccentricities.
36 citations
References
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01 Jan 1974898 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented methods for the calculation of the deflections at working loads, the ultimate lateral resistance, and moment distribution for laterally loaded single piles and pile groups.
Abstract: Methods are presented for the calculation of the deflections at working loads, the ultimate lateral resistance, and moment distribution for laterally loaded single piles and pile groups. Both unrestrained and restrained piles have been considered. The lateral deflections have been calculated using the concept of a coefficient of subgrade reaction. The ultimate lateral resistance has been evaluated. The results from the proposed methods of analysis have been compared with available test data. Satisfactory agreement was found at working loads between measured and calculated deflections and between measured and calculated maximum bending moments.
706 citations
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01 Jan 1963
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a manual of foundation design and construction methods for the practising engineer, while analytical considerations play a subordinate role and sufficient soil mechanics is included to assist the student in relating and extending his knowledge to embrace the practical considerations involved in foundation selection, design, and construction.
Abstract: The purpose of this book is to provide a manual of foundation design and construction methods for the practising engineer. Synthetic and descriptive elements predominate the book while analytical considerations play a subordinate role. Sufficient soil mechanics is included to assist the student in relating and extending his knowledge to embrace the practical considerations involved in foundation selection, design and construction. The introductory chapter deals in general with site investigation and in particular with methods of drilling sampling and in situ testing of soils. Chapter two is on the general principles of foundation design. The chapter on design in relation to ground movements due to a variety of causes such as mining subsidence, machine vibration, frost heave and ground shrinkage should provide a useful introduction for those who have to deal with these problems. About 400 pages are devoted to the design aspects of the construction of spread, box and piled foundations.
423 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the influence of parameters like flexural rigidity of pile material, embedment length of pile, and arrangement of piles with respect to the direction of loading on the behavior of laterally loaded pile groups has been studied through an experimental program.
Abstract: Pile-supported marine structures are designed for significant amounts of lateral load. In this paper, the influence of parameters like flexural rigidity of pile material, embedment length of pile, and arrangement of piles with respect to the direction of loading on the behavior of laterally loaded pile groups has been studied through an experimental program. The results obtained from lateral load tests carried out on model pile groups arranged at different spacings and embedded in a marine clayey bed are presented and discussed. The results indicate that the lateral load capacity of the pile group depends mainly on the rigidity of pile soil system for different arrangements of piles within a group. This is further substantiated by a simplified finite element analysis bringing in the differences in passive resistance. The group efficiencies under lateral loading obtained from the present investigation are found to be in good agreement with the predictions of earlier researchers.
121 citations