Open Access
Independent optical excitation of distinct neural populations
Nathan C. Klapoetke,Yasunobu Murata,Sung Soo Kim,Stefan R. Pulver,Amanda Birdsey-Benson,Yong Ku Cho,Tania K. Morimoto,Amy S. Chuong,Eric J. Carpenter,Zhijian Tian,Jun Wang,Yinlong Xie,Zhixiang Yan,Yong Zhang,Brian Y. Chow,Barbara Surek,Michael Melkonian,Vivek Jayaraman,Martha Constantine-Paton,Gane Ka-Shu Wong,Edward S. Boyden +20 more
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TLDR
Chronos and Chrimson as mentioned in this paper have been shown to enable two-color activation of neural spiking and downstream synaptic transmission in independent neural populations without detectable cross-talk in mouse brain slice.Abstract:
Optogenetic tools enable examination of how specific cell types contribute to brain circuit functions. A long-standing question is whether it is possible to independently activate two distinct neural populations in mammalian brain tissue. Such a capability would enable the study of how different synapses or pathways interact to encode information in the brain. Here we describe two channelrhodopsins, Chronos and Chrimson, discovered through sequencing and physiological characterization of opsins from over 100 species of alga. Chrimson's excitation spectrum is red shifted by 45 nm relative to previous channelrhodopsins and can enable experiments in which red light is preferred. We show minimal visual system-mediated behavioral interference when using Chrimson in neurobehavioral studies in Drosophila melanogaster. Chronos has faster kinetics than previous channelrhodopsins yet is effectively more light sensitive. Together these two reagents enable two-color activation of neural spiking and downstream synaptic transmission in independent neural populations without detectable cross-talk in mouse brain slice.read more
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Journal Article
Multimodal fast optical interrogation of neural circuitry
Feng Zhang,Liping Wang,Martin Brauner,Jana F. Liewald,Kenneth Kay,Natalie Watzke,Phillip G. Wood,Ernst Bamberg,Georg Nagel,Alexander Gottschalk,Karl Deisseroth +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper, an archaeal light-driven chloride pump (NpHR) was developed for temporally precise optical inhibition of neural activity, allowing either knockout of single action potentials, or sustained blockade of spiking.
Journal ArticleDOI
Near-infrared deep brain stimulation via upconversion nanoparticle–mediated optogenetics
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Mushroom body output neurons encode valence and guide memory-based action selection in Drosophila
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Data access for the 1,000 Plants (1KP) project.
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References
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Book
The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates
TL;DR: The 3rd edition of this atlas is now in more practical 14"x11" format for convenient lab use and includes a CD of all plates and diagrams, as well as Adobe Illustrator files of the diagrams, and a variety of additional useful material.
Journal ArticleDOI
Millisecond-timescale, genetically targeted optical control of neural activity.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors adapted the naturally occurring algal protein Channelrhodopsin-2, a rapidly gated light-sensitive cation channel, by using lentiviral gene delivery in combination with high-speed optical switching to photostimulate mammalian neurons.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neocortical excitation/inhibition balance in information processing and social dysfunction
Ofer Yizhar,Ofer Yizhar,Lief E. Fenno,Matthias Prigge,Franziska Schneider,Thomas J. Davidson,Daniel J. O’Shea,Vikaas S. Sohal,Vikaas S. Sohal,Inbal Goshen,Joel Finkelstein,Jeanne T. Paz,Katja Stehfest,Roman Fudim,Charu Ramakrishnan,John R. Huguenard,Peter Hegemann,Karl Deisseroth +17 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors design and use several optogenetic tools to causally investigate the cellular E/I balance hypothesis in freely moving mammals, and explore the associated circuit physiology.
Neocortical excitation/inhibition balance in information processing and social
Lief E. Fenno,Matthias Prigge,Franziska Schneider,Thomas J. Davidson,Vikaas S. Sohal,Inbal Goshen,Joel Finkelstein,Jeanne T. Paz,Katja Stehfest,Roman Fudim,Charu Ramakrishnan,John R. Huguenard,Peter Hegemann,Karl Deisseroth +13 more
TL;DR: Elevation, but not reduction, of cellular E/I balance within the mouse medial prefrontal cortex was found to elicit a profound impairment in cellular information processing, associated with specific behavioural impairments and increased high-frequency power in the 30–80 Hz range, which have both been observed in clinical conditions in humans.