Indispensable role of biochar-inherent mineral constituents in its environmental applications: A review

doi:10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2017.06.023

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Indispensable role of biochar-inherent mineral constituents in its environmental applications: A review

Journal Article•DOI•

Indispensable role of biochar-inherent mineral constituents in its environmental applications: A review

Xiaoyun Xu¹, Yinghao Zhao¹, Jingke Sima¹, Ling Zhao¹, Ondřej Mašek², Xinde Cao¹ - Show less +2 more•Institutions (2)

Shanghai Jiao Tong University¹, University of Edinburgh²

01 Oct 2017-Bioresource Technology (Elsevier)-Vol. 241, pp 887-899

TL;DR: A critical review of current research findings related to the mineral composition of biochar and the effect of the mineral fraction on the physicochemical properties, contaminant sorption, carbon retention and stability, and nutrient bioavailability ofBiochar is provided.

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About: This article is published in Bioresource Technology.The article was published on 2017-10-01 and is currently open access. It has received 219 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Biochar & Nutrient bioavailability.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Black Carbon (Biochar) In Water/Soil Environments: Molecular Structure, Sorption, Stability, and Potential Risk.

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Fei Lian, Baoshan Xing¹•Institutions (1)

University of Massachusetts Amherst¹

15 Nov 2017-Environmental Science & Technology

TL;DR: The molecular structure evolution of BC during pyrolysis and the impact of BC physicochemical properties on its sorption behavior, stability, and potential risk in terrestrial and aqueous ecosystems are highlighted.

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Abstract: Black carbon (BC) is ubiquitous in the environments and participates in various biogeochemical processes. Both positive and negative effects of BC (especially biochar) on the ecosystem have been identified, which are mainly derived from its diverse physicochemical properties. Nevertheless, few studies systematically examined the linkage between the evolution of BC molecular structure with the resulted BC properties, environmental functions as well as potential risk, which is critical for understanding the BC environmental behavior and utilization as a multifunctional product. Thus, this review highlights the molecular structure evolution of BC during pyrolysis and the impact of BC physicochemical properties on its sorption behavior, stability, and potential risk in terrestrial and aqueous ecosystems. Given the wide application of BC and its important role in biogeochemical processes, future research should focus on the following: (1) establishing methodology to more precisely predict and design BC propert...

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393 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils by biochar: Mechanisms, potential risks and applications in China.

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Lizhi He¹, Huan Zhong², Guangxia Liu², Zhongmin Dai¹, Philip C. Brookes¹, Jianming Xu¹ - Show less +2 more•Institutions (2)

Zhejiang University¹, Nanjing University²

01 Sep 2019-Environmental Pollution

TL;DR: Recent progresses in understanding metal-biochar interactions in soils, potential risks associated with biochar amendment, and application of biochar in soil remediation in China indicate that the remediation effect depends on the characteristics of both biochar and soil and their interactions.

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362 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

N-doped graphitic biochars from C-phycocyanin extracted Spirulina residue for catalytic persulfate activation toward nonradical disinfection and organic oxidation.

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Shih-Hsin Ho¹, Yi-di Chen¹, Ruixiang Li¹, Chaofan Zhang¹, Yiming Ge¹, Guoliang Cao¹, Ming Ma¹, Xiaoguang Duan², Shaobin Wang², Nanqi Ren¹ - Show less +6 more•Institutions (2)

Harbin Institute of Technology¹, University of Adelaide²

01 Aug 2019-Water Research

TL;DR: The biochar based nonradical system can provide a mild and high-efficiency strategy for disinfection in waste and drinking water by green carbocatalysis and maintain a superior oxidation efficiency in complicated water matrix and long-term stable operation.

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314 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

An overview of the effect of pyrolysis process parameters on biochar stability

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Lijian Leng¹, Huajun Huang²•Institutions (2)

Nanchang University¹, Jiangxi Agricultural University²

07 Sep 2018-Bioresource Technology

TL;DR: This review found that relative high temperature, long reaction residence time, slow heating rate, high pressure, the presence of some minerals and biomass feedstock of high-lignin content with large particle size are preferable to biochar stability, however, challenges exist to mediate the trade-offs between bio char stability and other potential wins.

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238 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Relative distribution of Cd2+ adsorption mechanisms on biochars derived from rice straw and sewage sludge.

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Li-Yang Gao¹, Jin-Huan Deng¹, Guo-Fu Huang², Kai Li¹, Kun-Zheng Cai¹, Yan Liu, Fei Huang¹ - Show less +3 more•Institutions (2)

South China Agricultural University¹, Weifang University²

01 Jan 2019-Bioresource Technology

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that rice-straw biochars (RSBs) have greater adsorption capacities for Cd2+ than sewage-sludge biocharts (SSBs), which was mainly due to precipitation and cation exchange mechanisms.

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199 citations

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Journal Article•DOI•

Biochar effects on soil biota – A review

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Johannes Lehmann¹, Matthias C. Rillig², Janice E. Thies¹, Caroline A. Masiello³, William C. Hockaday⁴, David E. Crowley⁵ - Show less +2 more•Institutions (5)

Cornell University¹, Free University of Berlin², Rice University³, Baylor University⁴, University of California, Riverside⁵

01 Sep 2011-Soil Biology & Biochemistry

TL;DR: A review of the literature reveals a significant number of early studies on biochar-type materials as soil amendments either for managing pathogens, as inoculant carriers or for manipulative experiments to sorb signaling compounds or toxins as mentioned in this paper.

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Abstract: Soil amendment with biochar is evaluated globally as a means to improve soil fertility and to mitigate climate change. However, the effects of biochar on soil biota have received much less attention than its effects on soil chemical properties. A review of the literature reveals a significant number of early studies on biochar-type materials as soil amendments either for managing pathogens, as inoculant carriers or for manipulative experiments to sorb signaling compounds or toxins. However, no studies exist in the soil biologyliterature that recognize the observed largevariations ofbiochar physico-chemical properties. This shortcoming has hampered insight into mechanisms by which biochar influences soil microorganisms, fauna and plant roots. Additional factors limiting meaningful interpretation of many datasets are the clearly demonstrated sorption properties that interfere with standard extraction procedures for soil microbial biomass or enzyme assays, and the confounding effects of varying amounts of minerals. In most studies, microbial biomass has been found to increase as a result of biochar additions, with significant changes in microbial community composition and enzyme activities that may explain biogeochemical effects of biochar on element cycles, plant pathogens, and crop growth. Yet, very little is known about the mechanisms through which biochar affects microbial abundance and community composition. The effects of biochar on soil fauna are even less understood than its effects on microorganisms, apart from several notable studies on earthworms. It is clear, however, that sorption phenomena, pH and physical properties of biochars such as pore structure, surface area and mineral matter play important roles in determining how different biochars affect soil biota. Observations on microbial dynamics lead to the conclusion of a possible improved resource use due to co-location of various resources in and around biochars. Sorption and therebyinactivation of growth-inhibiting substances likelyplaysa rolefor increased abundance of soil biota. No evidence exists so far for direct negative effects of biochars on plant roots. Occasionally observed decreases in abundance of mycorrhizal fungi are likely caused by concomitant increases in nutrient availability,reducing theneedfor symbionts.Inthe shortterm,therelease ofavarietyoforganic molecules from fresh biochar may in some cases be responsible for increases or decreases in abundance and activity of soil biota. A road map for future biochar research must include a systematic appreciation of different biochar-types and basic manipulative experiments that unambiguously identify the interactions between biochar and soil biota.

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3,612 citations

"Indispensable role of biochar-inher..." refers background in this paper

...…25 Biochar, a carbon-rich byproduct of biomass pyrolysis, is receiving increasing 26 attention due to its multiple functions in carbon sequestration, reduction of greenhouse 27 gas emissions, soil improvement, environmental remediation, etc. (Beesley et al., 2011; 28 Lehmann et al., 2011)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

A handful of carbon

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Johannes Lehmann¹•Institutions (1)

Cornell University¹

10 May 2007-Nature

TL;DR: On the climate change mitigation front, the incorporation of ‘biochar’ into the soil is one idea gaining support, and Johannes Lehmann argues that trapping biomass carbon in this way is more effective than storing it in plants and trees that will one day decompose.

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Abstract: Locking carbon up in soil makes more sense than storing it in plants and trees that eventually decompose, argues Johannes Lehmann. Can this idea work on a large scale? With the rash of IPCC reports in climate much in the news, geoengineering — the deliberate large-scale modification of the environment — is now being taken seriously in scientific and political circles that would previously have scoffed at the notion. Oliver Morton reports on the state of play in the field [News Feature p. 132] On the climate change mitigation front, the incorporation of ‘biochar’ into the soil is one idea gaining support. Johannes Lehmann argues that trapping biomass carbon in this way is more effective than storing it in plants and trees that will one day decompose. The latest IPCC report — round 3 — is covered in the News pages this week.

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2,117 citations

"Indispensable role of biochar-inher..." refers background in this paper

...30 For example, the stable and rich aromatic forms of the C fraction enable biochar to be 31 used as a means of sequestering atmospheric CO2 (Lehmann, 2007); because of its high 32 organic C content and porous structure, biochar has the potential to serve as a soil 33 conditioner to improve the…...
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...30 For example, the stable and rich aromatic forms of the C fraction enable biochar to be 31 used as a means of sequestering atmospheric CO2 (Lehmann, 2007); because of its high 32 organic C content and porous structure, biochar has the potential to serve as a soil 33 conditioner to improve the physicochemical and biological properties of soils (Ippolito 34 et al., 2012a); partitioning and adsorption by the carbon fraction of biochar could be 35 effective sorption mechanisms for organic contaminants (Chen et al., 2008a); 36 complexation with organic O-containing functional groups, such as -COOH, alcoholic-37 OH, or phenolic-OH groups, is involved in heavy-metal sorption by biochars (Lu et al., 38 2012)....
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...Phosphate mineral reduced the weight loss of biomass during pyrolysis (a), 844 carbon loss of biochar through chemical oxidation (b), and cumulative CO2 emission 845 under aerobiotic condition during 60-d incubation period (c), compared to original 846 biochar without phosphate addition (Li et al., 2014; Zhao et al., 2016)....
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...XRD analysis of minerals after 474 CO2 sorption showed that the sorbed CO2 was transformed to K2Ca(CO3)2 and 475 CaMg(CO3)2 by pig-manure biochar minerals (Fig....
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...Xu, X., Kan, Y., Zhao, L., Cao, X., 2016b. Chemical transformation of CO2 during its capture 789 by waste biomass derived biochars....
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Book•DOI•

Biochar for Environmental Management: Science and Technology

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Johannes Lehmann, Stephen Joseph¹•Institutions (1)

Cornell University¹

01 Jan 2009

TL;DR: In this article, Flannery presented a Biochar Classification and Test Methods for determining the quantity of Biochar within Soils and its effect on Nutrient Transformations and Nutrient Leaching.

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Abstract: Preface Foreword by Tim Flannery 1. Biochar for Environmental Management: An Introduction 2. Physical Properties of Biochar 3. Characteristics of Biochar: Microchemical Properties 4. Characteristics of Biochar: Organo-chemical Properties 5. Biochar: Nutrient Properties and Their Enhancement 6. Characteristics of Biochar: Biological Properties 7. Developing a Biochar Classification and Test Methods 8. Biochar Production Technology 9. Biochar Systems 10. Changes of Biochar in Soil 11. Stability of Biochar in Soil 12. Biochar Application to Soil 13. Biochar and Emissions of Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases from Soil 14. Biochar Effects on Soil Nutrient Transformations 15. Biochar Effects on Nutrient Leaching 16. Biochar and Sorption of Organic Compounds 17. Test Procedures for Determining the Quantity of Biochar within Soils 18. Biochar, Greenhouse Gas Accounting and Emissions Trading 19. Economics of Biochar Production, Utilization and Greenhouse Gas Offsets 20. Socio-economic Assessment and Implementation of Small-scale Biochar Projects 21. Taking Biochar to Market: Some Essential Concepts for Commercial Success 22. Policy to Address the Threat of Dangerous Climate Change: A Leading Role for Biochar Index

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1,967 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Organic and inorganic contaminants removal from water with biochar, a renewable, low cost and sustainable adsorbent--a critical review.

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Dinesh Mohan¹, Ankur Sarswat¹, Yong Sik Ok², Charles U. Pittman³•Institutions (3)

Jawaharlal Nehru University¹, Kangwon National University², Mississippi State University³

01 May 2014-Bioresource Technology

TL;DR: A review of recent applications of biochars, produced from biomass pyrolysis (slow and fast), in water and wastewater treatment, and a few recommendations for further research have been made in the area of biochar development for application to water filtration.

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1,738 citations

"Indispensable role of biochar-inher..." refers background in this paper

...Role of minerals in the sorption of contaminants 232 The removal of organic and inorganic contaminants from water and soil has been 233 extensively reviewed (Inyang et al., 2015; Mohan et al., 2014; Tan et al., 2015)....
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...OH) and promote the separation of minerals such 200 as KOH, NaOH, MgCO3, and CaCO3 from the solid carbon matrix, resulting in elevated 201 pH values (Meng et al., 2013; Mohan et al., 2014)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

The forms of alkalis in the biochar produced from crop residues at different temperatures

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Jin-hua Yuan¹, Ren-kou Xu¹, Hong Zhang²•Institutions (2)

Chinese Academy of Sciences¹, Tennessee Technological University²

01 Feb 2011-Bioresource Technology

TL;DR: The forms of alkalis of the biochars produced from the straws of canola, corn, soybean and peanut at different temperatures (300, 500 and 700°C) were studied by means of oxygen-limited pyrolysis and it was suggested that carbonates were the major alkaline components in theBiochars generated at the high temperature.

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1,482 citations

"Indispensable role of biochar-inher..." refers background in this paper

...OH) also contributed 196 to the alkalinity of the biochars, especially for those generated at the lower temperature 197 (Yuan et al., 2011)....
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...However, with the 48 testing of more feedstock for biochar applications, it has become apparent that mineral 49 fractions could influence the properties of biochar and thus directly or indirectly 50 influence its applications (Buss et al., 2016b; Gunes et al., 2015; Yuan et al., 2011)....
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...In addition to the enrichment caused by the increase of 107 pyrolysis temperature, the minerals in biochars may also become more crystallized and 108 less soluble, especially above 500 °C (Cao & Harris, 2010; Yuan et al., 2011)....
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...186 Yuan et al. (2011) and Hass et al. (2012) showed that alkali metals (Na, K) or alkaline 187 earth metals (Ca, Mg) in the form of carbonates are the main alkaline substances 188 responsible for the high pH of biochar derived from crop residues and chicken manure....
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