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Journal ArticleDOI

Individual differences in tolerance to shift work – A systematic review

01 Aug 2011-Sleep Medicine Reviews (Sleep Med Rev)-Vol. 15, Iss: 4, pp 221-235
TL;DR: This paper systematically review literature published investigating the relation between individual differences such as age, gender, personality, morningness/eveningness as well as biological variables and different measures of shift work tolerance from 1998 till 2009 to indicate that young age, male gender, low scores on morningness, high scores on flexibility andLow scores on languidity are related to higher shift workolerance.
About: This article is published in Sleep Medicine Reviews.The article was published on 2011-08-01. It has received 387 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Personality & Shift work.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review of the psychometric properties and validity of CT measures as well as individual, environmental and genetic factors that influence the circadian typology provides a state of the art discussion to allow professionals to integrate chronobiological aspects of human behavior into their daily practice.
Abstract: The interest in the systematic study of the circadian typology (CT) is relatively recent and has developed rapidly in the two last decades. All the existing data suggest that this individual difference affects our biological and psychological functioning, not only in health, but also in disease. In the present study, we review the current literature concerning the psychometric properties and validity of CT measures as well as individual, environmental and genetic factors that influence the CT. We present a brief overview of the biological markers that are used to define differences between CT groups (sleep-wake cycle, body temperature, cortisol and melatonin), and we assess the implications for CT and adjustment to shiftwork and jet lag. We also review the differences between CT in terms of cognitive abilities, personality traits and the incidence of psychiatric disorders. When necessary, we have emphasized the methodological limitations that exist today and suggested some future avenues of work in order to overcome these. This is a new field of interest to professionals in many different areas (research, labor, academic and clinical), and this review provides a state of the art discussion to allow professionals to integrate chronobiological aspects of human behavior into their daily practice.

936 citations


Cites background from "Individual differences in tolerance..."

  • ...A recent review of this literature identified 16 studies; all these were cross-sectional and only two collected objective data (Saksvik et al., 2010)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 2016-BMJ
TL;DR: Evidence shows that the effect of shift work on sleep mainly concerns acute sleep loss in connection with night shifts and early morning shifts, and Laboratory studies indicate that cardiometabolic stress and cognitive impairments are increased by shift work, as well as by sleep loss.
Abstract: This review summarises the literature on shift work and its relation to insufficient sleep, chronic diseases, and accidents. It is based on 38 meta-analyses and 24 systematic reviews, with additional narrative reviews and articles used for outlining possible mechanisms by which shift work may cause accidents and adverse health. Evidence shows that the effect of shift work on sleep mainly concerns acute sleep loss in connection with night shifts and early morning shifts. A link also exists between shift work and accidents, type 2 diabetes (relative risk range 1.09-1.40), weight gain, coronary heart disease (relative risk 1.23), stroke (relative risk 1.05), and cancer (relative risk range 1.01-1.32), although the original studies showed mixed results. The relations of shift work to cardiometabolic diseases and accidents mimic those with insufficient sleep. Laboratory studies indicate that cardiometabolic stress and cognitive impairments are increased by shift work, as well as by sleep loss. Given that the health and safety consequences of shift work and insufficient sleep are very similar, they are likely to share common mechanisms. However, additional research is needed to determine whether insufficient sleep is a causal pathway for the adverse health effects associated with shift work.

590 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Countermeasures to the effects of ALAN, such as melatonin, bright light, or psychotropic drugs, have been proposed as a means to combat circadian clock disruption and improve adaptation to shift and night work.

405 citations


Cites background from "Individual differences in tolerance..."

  • ...It is interesting to note that the best adaptation to shift work seems to be linked with the evening chronotype, an individual characteristic, that may relate to night work adaptation [126,127]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: If not addressed, the deleterious effects of such disruption will continue to cause widespread health problems; therefore, implementation of the numerous behavioral and pharmaceutical interventions that can help restore circadian system alignment and enhance sleep will be important.
Abstract: Circadian (∼24-hour) timing systems pervade all kingdoms of life and temporally optimize behavior and physiology in humans. Relatively recent changes to our environments, such as the introduction of artificial lighting, can disorganize the circadian system, from the level of the molecular clocks that regulate the timing of cellular activities to the level of synchronization between our daily cycles of behavior and the solar day. Sleep/wake cycles are intertwined with the circadian system, and global trends indicate that these, too, are increasingly subject to disruption. A large proportion of the world's population is at increased risk of environmentally driven circadian rhythm and sleep disruption, and a minority of individuals are also genetically predisposed to circadian misalignment and sleep disorders. The consequences of disruption to the circadian system and sleep are profound and include myriad metabolic ramifications, some of which may be compounded by adverse effects on dietary choices. If not addressed, the deleterious effects of such disruption will continue to cause widespread health problems; therefore, implementation of the numerous behavioral and pharmaceutical interventions that can help restore circadian system alignment and enhance sleep will be important.

404 citations


Cites background from "Individual differences in tolerance..."

  • ...widely (248), it will be important to find ways of deter-...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Shift work is common in many occupations that directly affect the health and safety of others (e.g., protective services, transportation, healthcare), whereas quality of life, health, and safety during shift work and commute home can affect workers in any field as mentioned in this paper.

294 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Obesity, high triglycerides, and low concentrations of HDL cholesterol seem to cluster together more often in shift workers than in day workers, which might indicate an association between shift work and the metabolic syndrome.
Abstract: Objectives—To explore how metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) diVer between shift workers and day workers in a defined population. Shift work has been associated with an increased risk of CVD. Risk factors and causal pathways for this association are only partly known. Methods—A working population of 27 485 people from the Vasterbotten intervention program (VIP) has been analysed. Cross sectional data, including blood sampling and questionnaires were collected in a health survey. Results—Obesity was more prevalent among shift workers in all age strata of women, but only in two out of four age groups in men. Increased triglycerides (>1.7 mmol/l) were more common among two age groups of shift working women but not among men. Low concentrations of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (men<0.9 and women<1.0 mmol/l) were present in the youngest age group of shift workers in both men and women. Impaired glucose tolerance was more often found among 60 year old women shift workers. Obesity and high triglycerides persisted as risk factors in shift working men and women after adjusting for age and socioeconomic factors, with an OR of 1.4 for obesity and 1.1 for high triglyceride concentrations. The relative risks for women working shifts versus days with one, two, and three metabolic variables were 1.06, 1.20, and 1.71, respectively. The corresponding relative risks for men were 0.99, 1.30, and 1.63, respectively. Conclusions—In this study, obesity, high triglycerides, and low concentrations of HDL cholesterol seem to cluster together more often in shift workers than in day workers, which might indicate an association between shift work and the metabolic syndrome. (Occup Environ Med 2001;58:747‐752)

876 citations


"Individual differences in tolerance..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Karlsson et al. (2001)30 Health examination including blood samples and questionnaires administered to participants at the age of 30, 40, 50 and 60 years in the period from 1992-7....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The data show that this polymorphism in PER3 predicts individual differences in the sleep-loss-induced decrement in performance and that this differential susceptibility may be mediated by its effects on sleep homeostasis.

484 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A significant association between shift work and lipid disturbances (i.e. low HDL-cholesterol and high triglyceride levels) was found and any association with hyperglycaemia was found.
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between important metabolic risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes in shift workers and day workers. Cross-sectional data from a sub-population in the WOLF study consisting of 665 day workers and 659 three-shift workers in two plants were analysed. A higher proportion of shift workers than day workers had high triglyceride levels (≥1.7 mmol/l), low levels of HDL-cholesterol ( 0.9). The risk of low HDL-cholesterol was doubled in shift workers, (odds ratio (OR): 2.02, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.24–3.28) after being adjusted for age, socio-economic factors, physical activity, current smoking, social support and job strain. High levels of triglycerides were also significantly associated with shift work (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.08–1.83). The OR for abdominal obesity was 1.19, (95% CI: 0.92–1.56). The prevalence of hyperglycaemia (serum glucose ≥7.0 mmol/l) was similar in day and shift workers. No significant interaction was seen between shift work and abdominal obesity with regard to the associations with triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol. We found a significant association between shift work and lipid disturbances (i.e. low HDL-cholesterol and high triglyceride levels). We did not find any association with hyperglycaemia.

307 citations


Additional excerpts

  • ...Young age Karlsson et al. (2003)33 Health examination including blood samples....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that it may prove feasible to develop a questionnaire that would predict the degree to which people's rhythms would adjust to shift work, and that flexibility of sleeping habits and the ability to overcome drowsiness should be components of such a questionnaire.
Abstract: A questionnaire was developed to distinguish between people who differed in the degree to which their circadian rhythms adjusted to night work. This was administered to 48 ‘ permanent ’ night nurses taking part in a large shift work study. Factor analyses indicated that there were three main factors. These were (I) rigidity/flexibility of sleeping habits, (ii) ability/inability to overcome drowsiness, and (iii) morningness/eveningness. Correlations were computed between the nurses'scores on each of these factors and a range of measures of adjustment of circadian rhythm. A number of significant correlations were found with both psychological and physiological measures, thus indicating that the factors had at least concurrent validity. It is concluded that it may prove feasible to develop a questionnaire that would predict the degree to which people's rhythms would adjust to shift work, and that flexibility of sleeping habits and the ability to overcome drowsiness should be components of such a questionnaire.

299 citations